نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران
2 دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان،
چکیده
فعالیت بدنی دختران نوجوان، فواید و پیامدهای مهمی برای آنها دارد به طوری که برای افزایش سلامت جامعه نیز بسیار حیاتی است؛ هرچند با در نظر گرفتن دستورالعمل سازمان بهداشت جهانی؛ شیوع فعالیت‌بدنی ناکافی در بین زنان ایرانی بسیار زیاد است. از همین رو؛ هدف این تحقیق مطالعه کیفی چگونگی فعالیت بدنی دختران نوجوان ایرانی از دیدگاه خودشان با بکارگیری الگوی پارادایمی بود. روش تحقیق گرندد تئوری، رویکرد نظامند بود. جامعه مورد بررسی دختران 15-18 ساله ایرانی بودند که فعالیت‌بدنی منظمی داشتند. روش نمونه گیری از نوع نمونه گیری نظری بود و برای رسیدن به اشباع نظری؛ ضمن بررسی متون تخصصی؛ با 22 دختر نوجوان مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته انجام شد. روش تحلیل داده ها پرسش و مقایسه مستمر بود. یافته ها نشان داد: انگیزه های شخصی، والدین و مروجان عوامل سبب ساز یا علّی هستند، امکانات ورزشی، شرایط جامعه، مربی و امنیت و ایمنی شرایط بسترساز یا زمینه ای هستند، فعالیت بدنی دختران نوجوان ایرانی مقوله محوری است، معضلات فرهنگی، سوء مدیریت، محدودیت ها، عدم ایمنی و عدم امنیت، مشکلات زنانه، کمبود امکانات، نداشتن مربی خوب و مشکلات مالی شرایط مداخله گر هستند، رشته های ورزشی رقابتی و تمرینات غیررقابتی رفتارهای روتین یا کنش/ واکنشها هستند و سلامتی، آشنایی با صنعت ورزش، بهبود اخلاق و رفتار و ارتباطات، پیشگیرنده و درمانگری، پاداش گرفتن، غنی سازی اوقات فراغت و زیبایی اندام، پیامدهای اصلی فعالیت بدنی دختران ایرانی در الگوی پارادایمی هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Qualitative study of physical activity of Iranian adolescent girls from their own perspective: Applying the paradigm pattern
نویسندگان [English]
- sholeh khodadad kashi 1
- Ameneh Asadolahi 2
- Rahim Khosromanesh 3
- Jabar Seifpanahi Shabani 4
1 Assistant Professor of Sports Management, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD in Sports Management, Department of Sports Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD in Sports Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Physical activity of adolescent girls has important benefits and consequences for them, so that it is also vital to increase the health of society; although following the guidelines of the World Health Organization; the prevalence of inadequate physical activity is very high among Iranian women. Therefore; the purpose of this study was to qualitatively study how Iranian adolescent girls' physical activity works from their own perspective using the paradigm pattern. The methodology of research was Grounded Theory, systematic approach. The study population was Iranian girls aged 18-15 years who had regular physical activity. Sampling method was theoretical sampling method and theoretical saturation was obtained after conduct 22 semi-structured interviews with Iranian adolescent girls and review literature. The data analysis methods were continuous questions and comparison. Findings showed: personal motivations, parents, and promoters are causal conditions; sports facilities, society conditions, trainer and security and safety are the context conditions; physical activity of Iranian adolescent girls is a axial category; cultural problems, mismanagement, limitations, insecurity and unsafe, femininity problems, lack of facilities, not having a good trainer and financial problems are interfering or moderating conditions; competitive sports and non-competitive exercises are routine behaviors or actions / reactions; and health, familiarity with the sports industry, improving ethics and behavior and communication, preventive and therapeutic, getting reward, enriching leisure time and body beauty are the main consequences of physical activity of Iranian adolescent girls in the paradigm pattern.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Personal Motivations
- Parents
- Femininity Problems
- Limitations
- Body Beauty
- Abdollahian Some’ ehsaraei, Z., Fadaei Chafy, M. (2021). Comparison of level of physical activity, Body Mass Index and body image satisfaction of adolescent girls before and after one year of coronary quarantine. Journal of Physiology of Movement & Health, 1(1): 83-93. (Persian).
- Abdoulahi, D. (2013). Factors of girls 'reluctance to participate in school sports activities (Case study: Ardabil girls' high schools). Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 9(17): 27-46. (Persian).
- Ahmad Bahathig, A., Abu Saad, H., Md Yusop, N. B., Mohd Shukri, N. H., & El-Din, M. M. E. (2021). Relationship between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Anthropometric Measurements among Saudi Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(16): 8461.
- Alasqah, I., Mahmud, I., East, L., Alqarawi, N., & Usher, K. (2021). Physical inactivity and its predictors among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal. 42(8): 886-894.
- Allender, S., Cowburn, G., Foster, Ch. (2006). "Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies". Health Education Research. 21(6): 826-835.
- Asefi, A., Amoozadeh, Z. (2017). The Codification of Model of Significant Others Roles and Adolescence’s Participation in Physical Activity and Sport. Research on Educational Sport, 5(13): 17-38. (Persian).
- Banavali, U., Patil, S., Chavan, R., Sonawane, S., Joglekar, C., Fall, C., ... & Hardy-Johnson, P. (2021). What shapes adolescents’ diet and physical activity habits in rural Konkan, India? Adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives. Public Health Nutrition, 24(16), 5177-5186.
- Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British journal of sports medicine. 54(24):1451-62.
- Bushman BA. (2019). Physical activity guidelines for Americans: The relationship between physical activity and health. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. 23(3):5-9.
- Chapari, L., Yoosefy, B., Zardoshtian, S. (2020). The effect of coaching behavior on self-Efficacy and team performance in Iranian women football Pro League. Journal of Sport Management, 12(1): 19-33. (Persian).
- Corbin J, Strauss A. (2011). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 3th, editor. Translated by Ebrahim Afshar. Tehran: Ney. (Persian)
- Creswell JW, Báez JC. (2020). 30 essential skills for the qualitative researcher: Sage Publications; USA
- Ebrahimi Azmoudeh B, Habibian M, Askari B. (2019) .The Effectiveness of the Combination of Cinnamon and Ginger with Exercise Training in the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea and Premenstrual Syndrome. IJN. 32(121): 68-81. (Persian).
- Eftekhari, O., Gohar Rostami, H., Darvishi, A. (2019). Analysis of Affecting Factors on the Development of Successful Talent in the First and Second Divisions of Iranian Women's Futsal League. Sport Management Studies, 11(55): 117-142. (Persian).
- Elder, J.P., Lytle, L., Sallis, J.F., Young, D.R., Stecker, A., Simon-Morton, D., Stone, E., Jobe, J.B., Stevens, J., Lohman, T., Webber, L., Pate, R., Saksvig, B.I. & Ribisl, K. (2007). "Adescription of the social-ecological framework used in the trail of activity for adolescent girls (TAAG)". Health Education Research. 22(2): 155-165.
- Esmaelzadeh Toloee, M., Afshar nezhad, T., Yazdani, F., Ahmadi, B. (2015). The Effect of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training on Ovary Morphology, Glycemic control and Body Composition on Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 58(7): 381-389. (Persian)
- Farahani, A., Keshavarz, L., Jadidian, S. (2012). The influence of morning sport on educational improvement of female students. Contemporary Studies on Sport Management, 1(1): 15-26. (Persian).
- Farzadfar, M., Yoosefy, B., Bahrami, S. (2019). Identyfying the National and International Social Consequences of Muslim Women Athlete's Accomplishment in International Sporting Events. Sport Management and Development, 8(3), 182-195. (Persian).
- Farzane, S., Khalilirad, S., Rahavi, R. (2021). Prioritize Barriers to Participation in Adolescent Girl's Physical Activity and Its Relationship with Academ Motivation and Depression. journal of motor and behavioral sciences, 4(3). (Ready to publish). (Persian).
- Gaeini A, Satarifard S, Mohamadi F, Rajaei M. (2012). Exercise on Ovarian Androgens and Body Composition of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Armaghan-e-Danesh. 17(5): 387-397. (Persian).
- Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1· 6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1): 23-35.
- Hallaji, M., Eshraaghi, A., Saalekpoor M. (2018). Comparison of Achievement Motivation in Sports between Successful and Failed Female Participants in School Olympiads. QJOE. 34(3): 143-159. (Persian).
- Hoseini, M., Kashef, M., Safarpour, A., Pashaie, S. (2019). Designing the Model of the Effect of Aesthetics and Access to Sport Facilities on Customer Behavioral Intentions through the Mediating Role of Emotions (Case Study: Swimming Pools in Tabriz City). Journal of Sport Management, 11(4): 855-870. (Persian).
- Hosseini, E., Farzan, F. (2018). An Examination of the Role of Social Support in Women’s Sport Commitment to Sports. Journal of Sport Management, 10(1): 137-148. (Persian).
- Hosseini, S., Anoosheh, M., Abbaszadeh, A., Ehsani, M. (2012). Adolescent Girls and Their Parents’ Perception of Exercise Habit Barriers. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 1(2): 148-157. (Persian).
- Hyman, M.A. (2007). The life cycles of women: restoring balance. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 13(3): 10-16.
- Jafari, A., Taghizadfanid, M., Nikookhedlat, S., Bafandehtiz, Y. (2022). Effect of one-session and eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on gastrointestinal syndrome symptoms in athletes girls. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport, (Ready to publish). doi: 10.22077/jpsbs.2022.5073.1698. (Persian).
- Khatibi, A., Gholi Poor, M. (2019). Identification Factors Affecting the Market Demand of Women's Taekwondo Clubs. Sport Management Studies, 11(54): 153-170. (Persian).
- Khosravi, N., Houmanian, D., Shojaee, M., Eskandari, Z. (2009). The Effect of Exercise Training and Sex on Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion in Active Adolescents. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement, 1(3): 51-63. (Persian).
- Laar, R., Zhang, J., Yu, T., Qi, H., Ashraf, M. (2019). "Constraints to women's participation in sports: a study of participation of Pakistani female students in physical activities". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 3(11): 385-397.
- Lubans, D.R., Okely, A.D., Morgan, P.J., Cotton, W., Puglisi, L. & Miller, J. (2012). "Description and evaluation of a social cognitive model of physical activity behavior tailored for adolescent girls". Health Education Research. 27(1): 115-128.
- Malekian, M., VaezMousavi, M., Ghasemi, A., Kashi, A. (2021). How are Academic and Physical Self-Concept in Student Female Athlete and Non-Athlete?. Sport Psychology Studies, 10(35): 51-80. (Persian).
- Mirshekaran, Z., Bahrololoum, H., Bagheri, H. (2020). Investigating the factors affecting the development of Iranian women's sport championship. Contemporary Studies on Sport Management, 9(18): 1-14. (Persian).
- Mohebi F, Mohajer B, Yoosefi M, Sheidaei A, Zokaei H, Damerchilu B, et al. (2019). Physical activity profile of the Iranian population: STEPS survey, 2016. BMC public health.19(1):1-17.
- Mokhtarpour, M. (2020). Sociological Explanation of Social Factors Affecting Sports Socialization. Cultural- Social Studies of Olympic, 1(1): 125-155. (Persian).
- Moradi Siasari, G., Kashgar, S., Salar, R., Ghobadi, A. (2020). Factors affecting the sense of security of women's sports activities in the parks of Tehran. Quarterly of Order & Security Guards, 13(50): 101-122. (Persian).
- Nazer, M., Hasani, S., Sardoie, G., Sayadi Anari, A. (2012). The effectiveness of station designed sports on mental health of female teenagers. Community Health Journal, 6(3): 1-8. (Persian).
- Omidali, F., & Valipour Dehno, V. (2016). The Effect of a Selected Intermittent Training on Symptoms of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome. 29 (103): 24-32. (Persian).
- Öztürk, P., & Koca, C. (2019). Generational analysis of leisure time physical activity participation of women in Turkey. Leisure Studies, 38(2): 232-244.
- Qasemnezhad, R., Heidari, S., Qorbanzadeh Zaaferani, S.Q., Gholampour, M., Behzadnia, B. (2011). Comparison of social behavior and educational status of athletic and non-athletic students from the perspective of teachers. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 7(13), 67-80. (Persian).
- Ranjbari, S., Agha Zadeh, A., Chamangoli, A. (2018). Study of the Barriers Sports Poverty Reduction in Iran. Sport Management Studies, 10(50), 63-86. (Persian).
- Saimon, R., Choo, W. Y., & Bulgiba, A. (2015). “Feeling Unsafe” A Photovoice Analysis of Factors Influencing Physical Activity Behavior Among Malaysian Adolescents. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), NP2079-NP2092.
- Shabani, A., Razavi, S., Hadavi, F. (2020). Developing an Analytical Structural Model for the Development of Women's Championship Sport. Contemporary Studies on Sport Management, 9(18): 53-64. (Persian).
- Shafiee, S., Boromand, M., Hojabri, K., Salkhi, S. (2016). The Relationship between Some Factors of Socialization with the Growth of Youth Sports Participation. Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 8(3): 113-126. (Persian).
- Soleiman Ahari Z, Asadpour M, Mazar L, Nasirzadeh M. (2021). Evaluation of Physical Activity and its Effective Factors in Junior High School Female Students in Rafsanjan City: Application of Social-cognitive Theory, 2017-18. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 15(3): 188-197. (Persian).
- Solhi M, Zinat Motlagh F, Karimzade Shirazi K, Taghdisi M H, Jalilian F. (2012). Designing and Implementing Educational Programs to Promote Physical Activity Among Students: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Horizon Med Sci. 18(1): 45-52. (Persian).
- Soltani, H., Majedi, N., Nobakht, Z. (2020). Content analysis of sports cyberspace of base news. Contemporary Studies on Sport Management, 9(18): 91-105. (Persian).
- Tek, N. A., Mortas, H., Arslan, S., Tatar, T., & Köse, S. (2020). The physical activity level is low in young adults: a pilot study from Turkey. Am. J. Public Health Res, 8(1): 7-13.
- Tojari, F., Khodayari, A., Ahmadi, S., Hamzehzadeh, E. (2012). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Factors Affecting Students' Sports Orientation. Sport Sciences Quarterly. 4(9): 11-28. (Persian).
- Young, D.R., Steckler, A., Cohen, S., Pratt, C., Felton, G., Moe, S.G., Pickrel, J., Johnson, C.C., Griesser, M., Lytle, L. A., Lee, J.S. & Raburn, B. (2008). "Process evaluation results from a school- and community-linked intervention: the trial of activity for adolescent girls (TAAG)". Health Education Research. 23(6): 976-986.
- Yousefi, B., Asadzadeh, E., Azadi, R. (2017). The Relationship between Psychosocial and Environmental Factors Related to Physical Activity in Urmia girl high-schools. Applied Research in Sport Management, 6(2): 47-56. (Persian).
- Zare Abandansari, M., Moharramzadeh, M., Rezapour, F. (2022). Identifying the consequences of corona pandemic in children and adolescent female athletes based on the lived experience of parents and girls athletes. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 2(9): 21-37. (Persian).
)