نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 دانشیار آمار، دانشکدۀ علوم ریاضی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

همزمان با ورود به قرن 21، ورزش به بخش مهمی از جعبه ابزار دیپلماسی کشورها تبدیل شده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر طراحی مدل اعمال قدرت نرم از طریق دیپلماسی ورزشی است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع پژوهش‌های بنیادی، که به صورت کیفی و به روش پیمایشی انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل خبرگان بین المللی در حوزه‌های دیپلماسی و دیپلماسی ورزشی بود. با مرور ادبیات تحقیق، 200 خبره شناسایی و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند،30 خبره به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه گیری شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخت به صورت نیمه باز طراحی شد. روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه از طریق یک مطالعه پایلوت کسب شد. همچنین، از روش دلفی فازی برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل دو راند دلفی فازی منجر به تایید مدل اعمال قدرت نرم از طریق دیپلماسی ورزش شد. از این رو، منابع دیپلماسی ورزشی در سه گروه شامل رویدادهای ورزشی، سرمایه‌های انسانی ورزشی، و تولیدکنندگان ورزشی طبقه بندی شد. استراتژی‌های ماهرانه تبدیل شامل انسجام بین دیپلماسی رسمی و ورزشی، سفیران فرهنگی شایسته، عملکرد بالا و پوشش گسترده رسانه ای شناسایی شد و برآمدهای دیپلماسی ورزشی به دو گروه برآمدهای صریح/ویژه و برآمدهای ضمنی/عمومی طبقه بندی شد. اصلی ترین برآمد مورد انتظار اجرای ابتکارات دیپلماسی ورزشی، ایجاد صلح از طریق کاهش/رفع تنش بین دولت‌ها/ملت‌های متخاصم و توسعه صلح بین دولت‌ها/ملت‌های دوست می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Modeling of Soft Power Implementation throughout Sport Diplomacy

نویسندگان [English]

  • kambiz abdi 1
  • Mahdi Talebpour 2
  • Mohammad Javad Ranjkesh 3
  • Hadi Jabbari Nooghabi 4

1 PhD in Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of International Relations, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

4 Associate Professor of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

As we enter the 21st century, sports are becoming an essential part of the toolbox of a country’s public diplomacy. The aim of this study was at modeling of soft power implementation throughout sport diplomacy. This was a fundamental study, a qualitative one that held in survey. The statistical population included the international experts in the fields of public and sports diplomacy. By review of the literature, 200 experts were identified, and 30 experts were selected as sample using purposive sampling method. A semi-open researcher-made questionnaire was designed to collect the experts’ opinions. Fuzzy Delphi method was used for data analysis using Excel 2013 software. The results of two fuzzy Delphi round analyzes led to the confirmation of the model of soft power implementation throughout sport diplomacy. Hence, sports diplomacy resources were classified into three categories, including sporting events, sports human capitals, and sports producers and products. The conversion Tools of sports diplomacy resources to diplomatic outcomes were identified as official and sports diplomacy solidarity, competent cultural ambassadors, high performance, and mass media coverage. The outcomes of sport diplomacy endeavors were categorized into two groups of explicit/special outcomes and implicit/general outcomes. The main outcome of the implementation of sport diplomacy initiatives and plans is to create peace through the reduction/elimination of tension between hostile states/nations and the development of peace between friendly states/nations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Sport Diplomacy"
  • "Soft Power"
  • "Joseph Nye"
  • "Experts"
  • "Fuzzy Delphi"
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