نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی مؤسسه آموزش عالی شفق تنکابن
2 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
چکیده
تصمیمات داوران فوتبال در یک مسابقه، علاوهبراینکه درمعرض عوامل محیطی کلان قرار دارد، میتواند براساس زوایای قابلمشاهده در سطح عملیاتی از دیدگاه ذینفعان مختلف نیز تحتتأثیر قرار گیرد؛ ازاینرو، پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور مقایسۀ دیدگاههای داوران، بازیکنان و هواداران فوتبال در ارتباط با اثر زاویۀ دید بر تشخیص خطا، بهصورت نیمهتجربی طراحی و تدوین گردید و در آن تعداد 38 نفر (شامل: 12 داور بینالمللی، 12 بازیکن نخبه و 14 هوادار وفادار تیمهای لیگ برتر کشور) بهعنوان نمونۀ پژوهش شرکت کردند. نتایج بیانگر این هستند که اگرچه یافتههای آزمون تی همبسته برای بازیکنان معنادار نمیباشد، اما در ارتباط با داوران نشاندهندۀ این است که آنها تمایل زیادی به تشخیص خطا برای تیم مهاجم دارند، اما هواداران برخلاف داوران، عمدتاً تمایل زیادی را به اعلام خطا برای تیم مدافع نشان میدهند. ازسویدیگر، یافتهها بیان میکنند که بهطورکلی، میزان اعلام خطا در دست راست، بیشتر از دست چپ میباشد. براساس این پژوهش مشخص میشود که علاوهبر شاخصها و تفاوتهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی میان داوران، هواداران و بازیکنان، عامل زاویۀ دید نیز نقش بسیار مهمی در تناقض و تضاد میان این گروهها و شکلگیری اعتراضات و ناهنجاریهای فوتبال دارد. همچنین، بهنظر میرسد که سیستم دویدن قطری، همچنان بهتر از سیستم دویدن خطی برای داوران فوتبال میباشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Players and Fans’ Prespectives about Effect of Observe Angle on Recognisation of Fouls
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohsen Loghmani 1
- Hossein Eydi 2
چکیده [English]
Soccer referees’ decisions are susceptible to major environmental factors, and in contrast this process can be influences based on observable angles of operation level from perspective of stackeholders. Present study has been designed and codified semi-experimentally in order to comparation of soccer referees, players and fans’ perspectives about effect of observe angle and calling fouls. Hence, number of 38 people (12 international referees, 12 top players, and 14 more-involved fans in Iranian premier soccer league) participated. Exactly 268 photos from English northern league (134 leftward and 134 rightward photos) have used. In other words, observe angles as predicted variables and calling fouls as criterion variables have been studied. Paired sample t-test analyses showed no significant differences among players, but the referees approximately more fouls called than players and fans for attacker team (left-moving oriented), but fans unlike referees and players tend to more fouls called when they saw right-moving oriented. Rm anova analyses illustrated that totally degree of calling foul was high in right hand compared to left hand. Based on experiment, factor of observe angle plays an important role in inconsistent and conflict among referees, fans and players, and soccer protests except social and cultural indexes and differentiations in these groups. Also, it seems that left diagonal system of running will be better than line system running for soccer referees.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Calling Fouls
- Referee
- Soccer
- Fan
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