Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
Soccer referees’ decisions are susceptible to major environmental factors, and in contrast this process can be influences based on observable angles of operation level from perspective of stackeholders. Present study has been designed and codified semi-experimentally in order to comparation of soccer referees, players and fans’ perspectives about effect of observe angle and calling fouls. Hence, number of 38 people (12 international referees, 12 top players, and 14 more-involved fans in Iranian premier soccer league) participated. Exactly 268 photos from English northern league (134 leftward and 134 rightward photos) have used. In other words, observe angles as predicted variables and calling fouls as criterion variables have been studied. Paired sample t-test analyses showed no significant differences among players, but the referees approximately more fouls called than players and fans for attacker team (left-moving oriented), but fans unlike referees and players tend to more fouls called when they saw right-moving oriented. Rm anova analyses illustrated that totally degree of calling foul was high in right hand compared to left hand. Based on experiment, factor of observe angle plays an important role in inconsistent and conflict among referees, fans and players, and soccer protests except social and cultural indexes and differentiations in these groups. Also, it seems that left diagonal system of running will be better than line system running for soccer referees.
Keywords
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