نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد آیت‌اله آملی، آمل، ایران
2 استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی و رسانه، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران،
3 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
4 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه علوم انتظامی
چکیده
دستیابی به امنیت پایدار در رویدادهای بزرگ ورزشی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های آن در سطح جهان است، اما در ایران به‌دلیل شرایط خاص ملی و منطقه‌ای اهمیت بیشتری دارد. این پژوهش با هدف طراحی مدل امنیت پایدار در رویدادهای بزرگ ورزشی در ایران انجام شد. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش کیفی و نظریه داده‌بنیاد (استراوس و کوربین1990) و با مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 20 نفر از خبرگان مدیریت ورزشی (نُه نفر) و امنیتی و انتظامی (هشت نفر) و نخبگان ادارات ورزشی (سه نفر) و با نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی هدفمند انجام شد. اطلاعات از طریق مطالعه پژوهش‌های پیشین و مصاحبه جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج پژوهش به مشارکت‌کنندگان ارائه شد و نظرهای آن‌ها اعمال شد. همچنین روایی صوری و محتوایی تعیین شد و برای بررسی پایایی از روش بازآزمون استفاده شد. میانگین میزان پایایی بازآزمون 82 درصد گزارش شد. برمبنای یافته‌ها، عوامل علّی شامل مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی صحیح، کنترل انتظامی و امنیتی، تعامل و ارتباطات سازمانی، عوامل زمینه‌ای شامل مدیریت هیجانات هواداران، حمایت‌های روحی و روانی، عوامل مداخله‌گر شامل ضعف در اجرای قوانین و مقررات، ضعف در کنترل رسانه‌ها و فضای مجازی، سیاست‌گذاری‌های ورزشی نامناسب بودند. راهبردها شامل ارتقای فرهنگ، همگرایی اجتماعی، آموزش‌های صحیح، دیپلماسی ورزشی، بهبود زیرساخت رفاهی و ورزشی، سرمایه‌گذاری و کمک مالی، فناوری و اطلاعاتی بودند. پیشنهاد می‌شود متولیان ورزش با عزم ملی به‌وسیلۀ تغییر نگرش در جامعه ورزش کشور با مدیریتی یکپارچه و هماهنگ با محوریت پلیس، تعاملی سازنده و وحدت‌بخش را برای خلق امنیت پایدار ریل‌گذاری کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Designing a Model for Sustainable Security in Major Sports Events in Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Asghar Mohammadnejad 1
- Seyed Emad Hoseini 2
- Nasrollah Mohammadi 3
- Gholamreza Moradi Sayasar 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Sports Management, Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Sports Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Management, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
4 4. Assistant Professor in Sports Management, Law Enforcement Sciences University
چکیده [English]
Achieving sustainable security in major sporting events is one of the most important challenges in the world. In Iran, due to special national and regional conditions, it is more important. The purpose of this study is to design a sustainable security model in major sporting events in Iran. This study uses qualitative method and foundation data theory (Strauss & Corbin 1990) and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts; sports management (9 people), security and law enforcement (8 people) elites of sports offices (3 people) were performed through purposive non-random sampling. Information was collected through the study of previous research and interviews. The results of the study were presented to the participants, and their opinions were applied. In addition, face and content validity were determined and retest method was used to check the reliability. The mean reliability of retest (82%) was reported. Based on the findings, causal factors include proper management and planning, law enforcement and security control, interaction and organizational communication; underlying factors include fans' emotion management, which was psychological support. Further, interfering factors include weak enforcement of laws and regulations, poor control of the media, and cyberspace, and poor sports policy. Strategies include promoting culture, social integration, proper education, sports diplomacy, improving welfare and sports infrastructure, investment and financial aid, technology and information. It is suggested that sports authorities, by creating national determination and changing the attitude of the country's sports community with management integrated and coordinated with the focus of the police, build a constructive and unifying interaction to create lasting security.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Sustainable Security
- Major Sports Events
- Iranian Sports
2. Alaei, H. (2012). Sustainable Security in the vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Strategic Defense Quarterly, 10(39), 1-34. (in Persian).3. Alam, A. (2001). Foundations of political science. Tehran: Gisom Publications. (in Persian).4. Ameri, H. (1991). Principles of international relations, Tehran: Agah. (in Persian).
- Badri, A. (2003). Sustainability assessment: Concept and method. Geographical Research Quarterly, 18(69), 9–34. (in Persian).
- Bouzan, B. (1999). People of governments and fear. Tehran: Research Institute for Strategic Studies.
- Burnham, P. (2021). Multi-agency interoperability at major sporting and sailing events. Available at:josoorinstitute.qa. https://knowledgehub.josoorinstitute.qa 2021/01..
- Dostdar, R. )2011). The role and function of the armed forces in achieving sustainable national security in the perspective of 1404 (Case study: Law Enforcement of the Islamic Republic of Iran). Quarterly Journal of Law Enforcement and Security, 3, 81-106. (in Persian).
- Durant, W. (1991). History of civilization (A. Aram, et al. Trans). (Vol. 1). Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
- Francisco, K. (2012). Spatialities of security and surveillance: Managing spaces, separations and circulationsat sport mega events. Geoforum, 49, 289-298.
- Izabella, S., & Sławomir, (2019). Safety of sports mass events in the context of creanting a marketing product. Sciendo, 1(1), 851-858.
13. Jalali, F., & Ghahfarkhi, E. (2011). Management of sports events and camps. Tehran: University of Tehran. (in Persian).14. Jamie, C. (2018), Sports fandom in the risk society: Analyzing perceptions and experiences of risk, security and terrorism at elite sports events. Sociology of Sport Journal, 36(2), 144-51.
- Jedrzejas, N. (2017). Securit anagement of mass events. Available at: http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/WSN-72-2017-347-352. pdf.
- Johan, F., & MaaSantana, G. (2011). The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1364-1370.
- Khalili, R. (2004). Historical evolution of the discourse of the concept of security. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, 7(1), 7-29 (in Persian).
18. Keshavarz, L. (2018). Developing a model of factors affecting the behavior of managers to deal with attacks by terrorist groups in sports events. Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sports, 5(3), 21-32. (in Persian).19. Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., Sufi M., & Zakai, M. (2015). Developing strategies and determining the strategic position of hosting and holding major international sports events in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies in Youth Sports, 2-29. (in Persian).20. Kargar, G. (2016). Presenting the model of factors affecting the security of sports events in Iran. Social Order Quarterly, 8(4),157-190. (in Persian).21. Koosha, M., Eidi, H., & Yousefi, B. (2015). Analysis of the gap of Iran's sports industry in terms of hosting major sports events, Sports Management Studies, 10(49), 15-36. (in Persian).22. Mehr Ali Nejad, H., Tracy, T., Gholizadeh, M., & Faraji, R. (2016). Prioritizing factors affecting the security of Iranian football stadiums using hierarchical analysis method. Sports Management, 8(1), 69-85 . (in Persian).23. Mir Karroudi, I., & Moradi, G. (2018). Police book, important sports and social events (J. F. Barakat, Trans). Tehran: University of Law Enforcement Sciences. (in Persian).24. Mohammadi, H., & Hadavi, F. (2013). Comparison of factors affecting the presence of sports spectators in Iran's top football, basketball and volleyball leagues. Two Quarterly Journal of Research in Sports Management and Motor Behavior, 3(5), 99-110. (in Persian).25. Nasiri, H. (2005). Sustainable national security. Journal of Political Science, Political-Economic Information.215, 82-89. (in Persian).26. Qaisari, N. (2013). Sustainable security of the Islamic Republic of Iran: A model for explaining and implementing macro-policies, Political Science, 1(17), 45-62. (in Persian).
- Rebecca, P. (2016). The impact of mega-sport events on host residents’quality of life. Available at: https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1306766/1306766.pdf
- See, S. L. (1976). Varieties of nationalism: A comparative study. Hinsdale: Dryden Press.
29. Shahabi, M., & Malek, A. (2016). A study of effective management factors on the role of naja in facing the bloody behaviors of spectators in Tehran football. Social Order Quarterly, 3(8), 169-185. (in Persian).30. Siljak, V., & Djurovic, D. (2017). Historical Development of the Olympic Movement. Sport Mont, 15(3), 43-46.31. Sadat Hosseini, M. (2010). Football spectators' perception of security management in Azadi Stadium (Unpublished master's thesis). Payame Noor University, Tehran. (in Persian).
33. Seifzadeh, S, H. (1999). Principles of international relations: Tehran, Justice. (in Persian).
- Wright, J. C. (2014). Securing sport: Reworking the American fan's experience. Available at: encompass.eku.edu.
- Yanpi, T., Dosti, M., Zare, A., & Darvishi, A. (1399). A study of factors affecting the performance of law enforcement in controlling violence and maintaining the safety of spectators of Iranian Premier League competitions. Quarterly Journal of Law Enforcement Research, 22(4), 173-200.
)