نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 آیت الله آملی
2 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای ، تهران، ایران
3 پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین مدل شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای داوران لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران انجام شد. تحقیق حاضر یک پژوهش کیفی بود که در بخش کیفی از رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد (گراندد تئوری) با رهیافت گلیزری (1992) استفاده شد که در قالب مصاحبه و تحلیل محتوایی و ساختاری مصاحبه‌ها انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری این تحقیق در بخش کیفی را 5 مربی دارای مدرک مربیگری A آسیا، خبرنگار ورزشی 1 نفر، داور بین‌المللی فوتبال و فوتسال 8 نفر، کمک داور بین‌المللی 10 نفر و پیشکسوت داوری 9 نفر در مجموع 33 نفر تشکیل دادند. روش نمونه‌گیری به صورت گلوله برفی و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری (تا 13 مصاحبه) ادامه یافت. جهت تجزیه تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار Maxquda استفاده شد و کدهای تعیین شده از طریق این نرم افزار تجزیه تحلیل شد و مدل نهایی شایستگی های حرفه ای داوران لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران بازنمایی شد. مهمترین شاخص‌های شایستگی حرفه ای داوران لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران عبارت بودند از: بعد شایستگی جامعه شناختی شامل 2 کد محوری و 10 کد باز، بعد شایستگی های مدیریتی شامل 2 کد محوری و 16 کد باز، بعد شایستگی های روانشناختی شامل 2 کد محوری و 16 کد باز، بعد شایستگی های جسمانی شامل 2 کد محوری و 7 کد باز، بعد شایستگی های زمینه ای شامل 2 کد محوری و 8 کد باز، بعد شایستگی های تکنیکی شامل 11 کد باز، بعد شایستگی های دانشی شامل 2 کد محوری و 7 کد باز بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Codifying the Professional Competencies Model among Iranian Football Premier League Referees
نویسندگان [English]
- Farshad Emami 1
- Alireza Faghani 1
- Seyed Hossein Alavi 2
- Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani 3
1 Ayatoolah Amoli
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
3 Research of Physical Education
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was to develop a model of professional competencies of referees in the Iranian Football Premier League. The present study was a qualitative research in which the qualitative part of the data theory theory approach (grounded theory) with Glaser (1992) approach was used in the form of interviews and content and structural analysis of the interviews. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part consisted of 5 coaches with A Asia coaching degree, 1 sports reporter, 8 international football and futsal referees, 10 international assistant referees and 9 referee veterans in total of 33 people. The sampling method was continued in the form of snowballs until theoretical saturation (up to 13 interviews). Maxquda software was used to analyze the data and the determined codes were analyzed through this software and the final model of professional competencies of the referees of the Iranian Football Premier League was represented. The most important indicators of professional competence of the referees of the Iranian Football Premier League were: sociological competence dimension including 2 central codes and 10 open codes, managerial competence dimension including 2 central codes and 16 open codes, psychological competence dimension including 2 central codes And 16 open codes, physical competencies dimension including 2 pivotal codes and 7 open codes, basic competencies dimension including 2 pivotal codes and 8 open codes, technical competencies dimension including 11 open codes, knowledge competencies dimension including 2 pivotal codes and 7 The code was open.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Professional competencies
- referees
- Iranian Football Premier League
- Ai, K., Oldrich, R., Tan, H., & Xu, P. (2020). Sustainable innovation in football referee training in Czech Republic. Sustainability, 12(7), 2821. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072821
- Amani, F., Monadi, M., & Akhavan Tafti, M. (2018). Effectiveness of program based on successfulness on social competence and academic achievement of adolescent girls in city of Mashhad. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 11(43), 69-91.
- Aragao e Pina, João; Passos, Ana Margarida; Carvalho, H., & Travis Maynard, M. (2019). To be or not to be an excellent football referee: Different experts’ viewpoints. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(6), 692-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1522940
- Brojerdi Alavi, M., Forghani, M., & Ranjbar, M. (2016). A conceptual framework for competencies of public relations managers: dimensions, factors and indicators. Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 9(1), 129-146. doi: 10.22035/isih.2017.236
- Dohman, D. (2005). Social pressure influence decisions of individual: Evidence from the behavior of football referee. IZA Discussion Papers, No 1595. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp1595.html (Accessed ).
- Duvinage, C., & Jost, P.-J. (2019). The role of referees in professional sports contests. Journal of Sports Economics, 20(8), 1014-1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002519851145
- Fatah Pourmarandi, M, S. M, K., M. H, A., & Shaji, R. (2017). Competency pattern of managers in sport and youth general offices with grounded theory approach. New Trends in Sport Management, 4(15), 23-38. http://ntsmj.issma.ir/article-1-863-fa.html.
- Firek, W., Płoszaj, K., & Czechowski, M. (2020). Pedagogical function of referees in youth sport: assessment of the quality of referee–player interactions in youth soccer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030905
- Giel, T., & Breuer, Ch. (2020). The determinants of the intention to continue voluntary football refereeing. Sport Management Review, 23(2), 242-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.01.005
- Hanna, A. S., Ibrahim, M. W., Lotfallah, W., Iskandar, K. A., & Russell, J. S. (2016). Modeling project manager competency: An integrated mathematical approach. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(8), 04016029.
- Hoshyar, V., & Rahim Nia, F. (2013). Developing a competency model of managers in the banking system. Journal of Development & Evolution Mnagement, 1392(13), 55-68. http://www.jdem.ir/article_406.html?lang=en.
- Javadifard, F., Amirkabiri, A., & Dehgan, M. (2021). Designing And explaining competency model of Tehran municipal managers. Journal of Human Resource Studies, 11(1), 102-12610. doi: 22034/JHRS.2021.130507. (inPersian(.
- Lane, A. M., Nevill, A., Ahmad, N., & Balmer, N. (2006). Soccer referee decision – making: Shall I Blow the whistle? Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 5, 243-253. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3827566/
- Lidbom, P. , & Priks, M (2010). Behavior under social pressure: Empty Italian stadiums and referee bias. CESifo working paper, No. 1960. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/ces/ceswps/_1960.html (Accessed ).
- Loghmani, M., Taylor, T., & Ramzaninejad, R. (2017). Job characteristics and psychological states of football referees: implications for job enrichment. Managing Sport and Leisure, 22(5), 342-357. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2018.1426488.
- Płoszaj, K., Firek, W., & Czechowski, M. (2020). The referee as an educator: Assessment of the quality of referee–players interactions in competitive youth handball. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3988. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313078/
- Ramazani, R., Loghmani, M., & Poorsoltani Zarandi, H. (2014). An empirical study of job characteristics model in sport settings: Evidences from the soccer referees. Journal of Sport Management, 6(3), 559-574. doi: 10.22059/jsm.2014.51514 (in Persian).
- Ranjbar, M., Khaef Elahi, A., Danaee Fard, H., & Fani, A. (2014). Measurig competency model for managers in the health sector (Structural equation modeling approach). Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 23(109), 104-113. http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-3272-fa.html.
- Rudzitis, A., Kalejs, O., & Licis, R. (2014). Model characterizing sports game referees. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 10, p. 00039). EDP Sciences. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Model-characterizing-sports-game-Rudz%C4%ABtis-Kalejs/adbb402773ad5c06a506782f6cce11555645d32c (Accessed ).
- Naghavi, M., Hosseini, S., Ramezani Nezhad, R., & Keshkar, S. (2019). Designing of personal brand competency model for professional sports coaches. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 15(30), 343-360. https://dx.doi.org/10.22080/ jsmb.2020.12206.2614. (in Persian).
)