نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رفاه اجتماعی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

2 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در ادبیات جامعه‌شناسی شبکه‌های اجتماعی غیررسمی به‌عنوان یکی از راه‌های اصلی تقویت روابط و پیوندهای اجتماعی میان افراد و به‌تبع آن، افزایش اعتماد اجتماعی شناخته شده‌اند و از‌آن‌جا‌یی‌که ورزش همگانی نوع غیررسمی و داوطلبانۀ ورزش بوده و فضای مطلوبی را جهت افزایش روابط متقابل و پیوندهای عاطفی و نزدیک بین افراد مختلف جامعه مهیا می‌کند، به‌نظر می‌رسد که می‌تواند از طریق کارکردها و سازوکارهای خاص خود در تقویت اعتماد اجتماعی مؤثر باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطۀ شرکت جوانان در ورزش‌های همگانی با اعتماد اجتماعی آن‌ها به انجام رسید‌. روش این پژوهش پیمایشی بوده و طرح آن از نوع هم‌بستگی می‌باشد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل تمامی جوانان 15 تا 29 سالۀ شهر تهران‌ بود که از میان آ‌ن‌ها 405 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای به‌عنوان نمونه‌ انتخاب شده و به دو گروه شرکت‌کننده در ورزش همگانی و غیرشرکت‌کننده در ورزش همگانی تقسیم شدند‌ و مؤلفه‌های اعتماد اجتماعی آن‌ها با استفاده از پرسش‌نامۀ پژوهشگر‌ساخته سنجیده شد. نتایج ‌نشان می‌دهد که میانگین اعتماد اجتماعی در‌حالت کلی آن برای افراد شرکت‌کننده در ورزش همگانی (96/2) بیشتر از میانگین این متغیر برای افراد غیرشرکت‌کننده در آن (84/2) می‌باشد و این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنادار است؛ بدین‌معناکه می‌توان گفت شرکت در ورزش همگانی با میزان اعتماد اجتماعی جوانان مورد پژوهش هم‌بستگی دارد. همچنین، در بررسی ابعاد اعتماد اجتماعی مشخص گردید که تفاوت میانگین دو گروه در‌مورد متغیرهای اعتماد بین شخصی و اعتماد تعمیم‌یافته از نظر آماری معنادار می‌باشد؛ اما در‌مورد اعتماد بنیادین و اعتماد نهادی تأثیر معناداری مشاهده نمی‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Social Functions of Sport for All with an Emphasis on Social Trust

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Sobhani 1
  • Seyed Zeiya Hashemi 2

1 Ph.D. Student of Social Welfare, Allameh Tabataba’i University*

2 Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

In sociology literature, informal social networks have been recognized as one of the main ways to boost ties and social bonds between people and thus increase social trust, and since the “sport for all” is an informal and voluntary exercise and provides a good atmosphere to increase direct relationships and emotional bonds between people in the community, it seems can be affective in strengthening of social trust through its functions and mechanisms. This study was done to examination the relationship between participation of young people in the “sport for all” exercises and their social trust. The research method is descriptive and correlation design. The population consisted of all young people aged 15 to 29 in Tehran, among them 405 patients selected with multi-stage cluster sampling and divided into two groups “participant” and “nonparticipant” groups, and the components of social trust were measured using the self-made questionnaire. The results show that the average social trust for the participants in sport for all in general (2.96) higher than the average of the variable for nonparticipant (2.84), and this difference was statistically significant, so, it can be said that participation in sport by young people in the study correlated the degree of social trust. The consideration of social trust dimensions showed that mean difference between the two groups about interpersonal trust and generalized trust is statistically significant, but there was no significant impact on the fundamental trust and institutional trust.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sport for all
  • Social Trust
  • Informal Social Networks
  • Youth
  1. Alkhowli, A. A. (2002). Sport and society. (1st Ed.), (H. R. Sheikhi, Trans). Mashhad: Astane Qhodse Razawi Publication, (Persian).
  2. Auld, C. (2008). Voluntary sport clubs: The potential for the development of social capital, In Nicholson, M., & Hoye, R. (Eds). Sport and social capital. (1st Ed.), Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann Press,
  3. Azizi, B. (2008). The study of Tehran University students views about sport for all. (Unpublished master dissertation). Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tehran. (Persian).
  4. Brown, K. M. (2008). Community sport/ recreation members and social capital measures in Sweden and Australia, In Nicholson, M., & Hoye, R. (Eds). Sport and social capital. (1st Ed.), Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann Press.
  5. Chalabi, M. (1996). The sociology of order: Theoretical analyzing and describing of social order (3rd Ed). Tehran: Ney Publication. (Persian).
  6. Coackley, J. (1983). Sport in society: Issues and Controversies, (1st Ed.), St Louis: Mosby Publishing Company.
  7. Cuskelly, G. (2008). Volunteering in community sport organization: Implications for social capital. In Nicholson, M., & Hoye, R. (Eds). Sport and social capital. (1st Ed.), Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann Press.
  8. Doherty, A., & Misener, K. (2008). Community sport networks, In Nicholson, M., & Hoye, R. (Eds). Sport and social capital. (1st Ed.), Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann Press.
  9. Ehsani, M., Saffari, M., Amiri, M., & Koozehcheian, H. (2015). Designing the model of sport for all in Iran. Sport Management Review, (‌27), 78-108. (Persian).   
  10. Ghofrani, M., Goodarzi, M., Sajjadi, N., Jalali Farahani, M., & Moqhanasi, M. (2009). Compiling and designing the sterategy for development of sport for all in Sistan and Balouchestan province. The Journal of Movement, (39), 107-33. (Persian).
  11. Giddens, A. (2009). The consequences of modernity (5th Ed). (M. Salehi, Trans). Tehran: Markaz Publications.
  12. IRI Physical Education Organization. (2003). The strategic document of comprehensive system of sport and physical education development, Detailed study on development of public and recreative sport, Rad Samaneh Co., 1st Ed.
  13. Javadipour, M., & Sami‌eniya, M. (2013). Sport for all in Iran and compiling the future perspective, strategy and programs. Applied Researches in Sport Management, 1(4), 21-30. ‌(Persian)
  14. Laker, A. (2002). The sociology of sport and physical education. (1st Ed.), London: Routledge Flamer Press.
  15. Lindstrom, M., Hanson, B., & Ostergren, P. (2001). Socioeconomic differences in leisure-time physical activity: The role of social participation and social capital in shaping health related behavior. Social Science and Medicine, 1(‌52), 441-51.
  16. Mozaffari, A. A., & Qhareh, M. A. (2005). The condition of sport for all in Iran and comparing it with several selected countries through the world. The Journal of Movement Science and Sport, 1(‌6), 151-71. (Persian).
  17. Nicholson, M., & Hoye, R. (2008). Sport and social capital. (1st Ed.), Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann Press.
  18. Pishvaei, M., Adhami, A., Pouryousefi, H., Atarodi, A., Pishvaei, Z., & Bagheri, P. (2014). Social trust and social factors affecting it among students. Journal of Research & Health, Social Development & Health Promotion, 4(3), 760-9. (Persian).
  19. Ramezani Khalilabad, Gh. (1996). The study of the motivations of participants in sport for all in Tehran. (Unpublished master dissertation). The Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University. (Persian).
  20. Ramezani Nejad, R., Rahmaniniya, F., & Taqhavi, A. (2009). The survey on motivations of participants in sport for all in open areas. Sport Management Review, 1(2), 5-19. (Persian).
  21. Rowshandel Arbatani, T., (2007). Explaining the mass media’s role in internalization of sport for all in Iran, The Journal of Movement, 33, 165-77. (Persian)
  22. Seurin, P. (1983). The future of the Olympic Games, FIEP, Bulletin, 1(53), 102-29.
  23. Sha‌bani, A., Rezaee soofi, M., & Farahani, A. (2014). The study on extant challenges in fourfold sections of sport in Iran (‌Delphi research). Contemporary Researches in Sport Management, 4(‌8), 65-79. (Persian).  
  24. Skinner, J., Dwight, Z. H., & Jacqui C. (2008). Development through sport: Building social capital in disadvantages communities. Sport Management Review, 3(11), 253-75.
  25. Sobhani, B. (2011). The study of relationship between participation in sport for all exercises and social trust among 15-29 aged youth in Tehran. (Unpublished master dissertation). Social Science Faculty, University of Tehran. (Persian).
  26. Sztompka, P. (2007). Trust, a sociological theory, (1st Ed.), (Gh. Ghaffari, Trans). Tehran: Shirazeh Publication.
  27. Teymoori, A. (2006). The study and comparing the function of public and recreative sport development center and Iran’s championship sport development center according to Wiseboared Model. (Unpublished master dissertation). Physical Education Faculty, University of Tehran. (Persian).