مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی داوری فوتبال حرفه‌ای در ایران با کشورهای منتخب قاره اروپا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
هدف مطالعه­ ی حاضر، بررسی وضعیت داوری فوتبال حرفه­ای در ایران با منتخبین قاره اروپا بود. تحقیق از نوع کیفی با ماهیت توصیفی و مبتنی بر رویکرد تطبیقی است. کشورهای ایتالیا، انگلستان و اسپانیا به­ شکل هدفمند و بر مبنای برخورداری از سطح لیگ حرفه­ ای بالاتر بر اساس رتبه ­بندی منابع معتبر، به ­عنوان سطح مکانی تطبیق انتخاب شده ­اند. داده­ ها از طریق اسناد کتابخانه ­ای، جستجو در شبکه­ های جهانی، گزارش ­ها و مقاله ­های علمی جمع ­آوری و در قالب الگوی جرج بِرِدی (توصیف، تفسیر، همجوار و مقایسه) گردیده است. نتایج نشان داد ایران کمترین و اسپانیا بالاترین میزان پرداخت دستمزد را به داوران خود داشته و به­ جز ایران، همه کشورها داوران تمام وقت (حقوق ماهانه) در اختیار دارند. همه کشورها حداقل سن برای ورود به عرصه داوری تعیین نموده­ اند. ایران کمترین و ایتالیا بیشترین فناوری نوین داوری را در اختیار دارد. ایران با 22 و اسپانیا با 44، به­ ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین تعداد داور و کمک داور بین ­المللی را به ­خود اختصاص داده ­­اند. یافته ­ها گویای آن است که ایران دارای کمترین (یک لیگ) و انگلستان بیشترین (­5 لیگ) لیگ­های حرفه ­ای را در اختیار داشته و همچنین ایران به ­نسبت تعداد تیم­ های لیگ برتر (16 تیم) بالاترین میزان داوران (32) و کمک­ داوران (55) را به خود اختصاص داده است. همه کشورها به­ جز ایتالیا، سطوح و طبقات داوری برای داوران خود تعیین کرده ­اند. بهره ­گیری از تجربه کشورهای منتخب و الگو­برداری مناسب از آنها توسط مدیران و دست ­اندرکاران عرصه فوتبال و داوری، به منظور حرکت در مسیر پیشرفت و حرفه ­ای شدن داوری در فوتبال کشور ضروری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

A comparative study of professional football refereeing in Iran with selected European countries

نویسندگان English

esmail dolatyari 1
Javad Shahlaei bagheri 2
sara keshkar 2
farzad ghafouri 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The aim of the present study was to investigate the refereeing of professional football in Iran with the selected players of the European continent. The research is qualitative with a descriptive nature and based on a comparative approach. The countries of Italy, England and Spain have been selected purposefully and on the basis of having a higher professional league level based on reliable sources. The data has been collected through library documents, searching in global networks, reports and scientific articles and in the form of Goorge Beredy‌ model (description, interpretation, neighbor and comparison). The results showed that Iran has the lowest And Spain has the highest salary payment to its referees, and except for Iran, all countries have full-time referees (monthly salary). All countries have set a minimum age to enter the field of arbitration. Iran has the least and Italy the most modern arbitration technology. Iran with 22 and Spain with 44 have the lowest and highest number of international referees and assistant referees, respectively. Iran has the least (one) and England has the most (5) professional leagues, and Iran has the highest number of referees (32) and assistant referees (55) with 16 teams. All countries, except Italy, have determined levels of refereeing for their referees. Taking advantage of the experience of the selected countries by managers and those involved in the field of football and refereeing is necessary in order to move in the direction of progress and professionalization of refereeing in the country's football.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Comparative study
‌Professional football‌
Refereeing
‌ Selected countries
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دوره 18، شماره 95
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 93-67

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 دی 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 19 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 مهر 1403