مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

داوران

هزینه های دریافتی

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

راهنمای نگارش مقاله

تحلیل و اولویت‌بندی موانع حضور زنان در استادیوم‌های ورزشی فوتبال به‌عنوان تماشاگر در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اراک

2 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اراک

3 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه اراک

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل و اولویت­بندی موانع حضور زنان به‌عنوان تماشاگر در استادیوم­های ورزشی فوتبال در ایران انجام شد.روش پژوهش کیفی بود و از رویکرد دلفی استفاده شد.دربخش کیفی مشارکت­کنندگان در پنل دلفی بررسی شدند. در بخش پنل دلفی 23 نفر در دور اول و 16 نفر در دورهای دوم و سوم در پژوهش مشارکت کردند که از این تعداد، نُه نفر استاد دانشگاه، هفت نفر روحانی و هفت نفر کارکنان نیروی انتظامی بودند. روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند بود. پس از جمع­آوری داده­های حاصل از رویکرد دلفی، برای اولویت­بندی موانع از پرسش‌نامة تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی استفاده شد. براساس توافق خبرگان، مؤلفه­های سیاسی، امنیتی، فرهنگی-اجتماعی، زیر­ساختی و مدیریتی ازجمله موانع حضور زنان در استادیوم‌های ورزشی بودند. موانع سیاسی با میانگین وزن 525/0 در بالاترین اولویت و سپس موانع مدیریتی با میانگین وزن 249/0، موانع فرهنگی-اجتماعی با میانگین وزن 104/0، موانع زیرساختی با میانگین وزن 086/0 و موانع امنیتی با میانگین وزن 035/0، به‌ترتیب در اولویت‌های بعد قرار گرفتند.به‌نظر می­رسد حتی مسائل زنان در حوزة ورزش نیز سیاست‌زده است که این امر ورزش را در تقابل با تربیت­بدنی قرار می­دهد و با توجه به اینکه ورزش ازجمله موضوعاتی است که هم می‌تواند یک فرصت و هم یک تهدید تلقی شود، بهتر است که آن را از امور سیاسی جدا کرد؛ زیرا، سلامت جامعة‌ شهری و شهروندان درگرو پرداختن به ورزش در محیطی ایمن است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis and Prioritizing the Barriers of Presence of Women as Spectators in Football Stadiums in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Farahani 1
  • Ezatollah Shah Mansouri 2
  • Zeinab Mondalizadeh 3

1 M.Sc. of Sport Management, Azad University of Arak

2 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Azad University of Arak

3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Arak University

چکیده [English]

The purpose of the research is to analyze and prioritize the barriers of presence of women as the spectators in sports stadiums in the field of football.The research method was qualitative and the Delphi approach was used. The qualitative section included collaborators in the Delphi panel. In the Delphi panel, 23 people in the first round and 16 in the second and third rounds participated in the research, of which 9 were university professors, 7 clerics, and 7 police personnel. Purposeful sampling method was used. After collecting the data from the Delphi approach, a hierarchical analysis questionnaire was used to prioritize the barriers. Based on the agreement of experts, political, security, cultural-social, infrastructure and management components were among the obstacles for the presence of women in sports complexes. Political barriers with an average weight of 0.525 had the highest priority and then management barriers with an average weight of 0.249, socio-cultural barriers with an average weight of 0.104 infrastructure barriers with an average weight of 0.886 and security barriers with an average weight of 0.035 arranged. It seems that even women's issues in the field of sport have been politically motivated, which places sport in opposition to education, and given that sport is a topic that can be considered an opportunity and a threat, it is better to separate it from political affairs, because the health of the urban community and citizens is about to engage in sport in a safe environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Obstacles
  • Football Stadiums
  • Women's Presence
مراجع
  1. Ahmadi, A. (2013). Sports, Politics, International Relations, Eastern Daily Page 18, Sports. Available at: http://www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID=3112832 (Accessed 8 August 2018) (in Persian).
  2. Ahmadi, F, Ramezani Nejad, R. Boroumand, M.R., & Qaderi, S.N. (2015). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Attendance of Female Spectators in Iranian sports stadiums. Paper presented at the First National Congress of Sports Science Developments in the Field of Health, Qazvin, Imam Khomeini international university. (in Persian).
  3. Ahmadi, F., & Razavi, S. M. H. (2015). An investigation into the cultural-social, economic, administrative and civil-law aspects of the presence of female spectators in Iranian sport stadiums. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5(5), 570-5.
  4. Atghiya, N. (2007). Needs assessment of different groups of Iranian women in sports. Research in Sport Sciences, 17, 15-31. (in Persian).
  5. Bailey, R., Wellard, I., & Dis-more, H. (2004). Girls’ participation in physical activities and sports: Benefits, patterns, influences and ways forward. Centre for physical Education and Sport Research. United Kingdom: Canterbury Christ Church University College. Available at:  http://www.icsspe.org/portal/download/Girls.pdf?PHPSESSID=002ba9b543c78 9519ae82d8eaf0 8 62b8 (Accessed 18 sep 2019).
  6. Bardy, S. R. (2015). Utilizing and adapting the Delphi method for use in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods,1, 1-6.
  7. Batmani, A., & Sajjadzadeh, H. (2017). Promotion of women's attendance in sport space with social security development approach (Case study: Toos Nozar Jungle Park Sanandaj). Paper presented at the International Congress on Contemporary World Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran. (in Persian).
  8. Beutler, I. (2008). Sport serving development and peace: Achieving the goals of the United Nations through sport. Sport in Society, 11(4), 359-69
  9. Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M.(2017). The genderwage gap: Extent, trends, and explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(3), 789–865.
  10. Dixon, C. (2018). Exploring the experience of women in sport leadership and management. University Research Symposium. Available at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/rsp_urs/45 (Accessed 19 sep 2019 )
  11. Dosh, K. (2012). NFL may be hitting stride with female fans. ESPN. Available at: http://espn.go.com/espnw/ news-commentary/article/7536295/nfl-finding-successtargeting-women-fans-merchandise-fashion (Accessed 19 sep 2019)
  12. Duru, O. (2012). A fuzzy extended DELPHI method for adjustment of statistical time series prediction: An empirical study on dry bulk freight market case. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), 840-8.
  13. Ebrahimi, G., Askari, A., & Niknejad, M. R. (2010). Sociological study of factors affecting women's tendency toward participation in sport as a spectator. Research Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 6(11), 61-74. (in Persian).
  14. Elmira, M., Naderyan Jahromi, M., Soltanhosseini, M., & Nasresfahani, A. R. (2009). Examining the factors affecting the excitement of soccer players in stadiums. Sports Management Journal, 3, 73-61. (in Persian).
  15. Fakhar Tusi, J. (2018). The presence of women in the stadiums. Islamic juridical research, Research Project, Islamic research and culture affiliated to the Islamic Propaganda Office of the Qom Seminary, commissioned by the Presidential Strategic Studies Center. (Persian).
  16. Fazeli, H. (2012). Sports and identity politics. Political Science Journal, 7 (2),         151-74. (in Persian).   
  17. Gharakhanlou, R., & Neissan, F. (2008). Investigating the attitudes of different classes about the presence of female spectators in men's sports fields and competitions. Research in Sport Sciences, 17, 33-50. (in Persian).
  18. Ghodsi Pour, H. (2002) Analytical hierarchy process (4th ed.). Tehran: Amirkabir University of Technology Press. (in Persian).
  19.  Harrison, C. K., Bukstein, S., Botts, G. M., & Lawrence, S. M. (2016). Female spectators as customers at National Football League game. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 17(2), 172-200.
  20. Heilman, M. E., & Caleo, S. (2018). Combatting gender discrimination: A lack of fit framework. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 21(5), 725–44.
  21. Hooman, H. A. (2011). Practical guide to qualitative research (4th ed.). Tehran: Human Sciences Books Reading and Writing Organization. (in Persian).
  22. Hossein Zadeh, M. (2015). The need to change the society's perspective on women empowerment, The World Economy, No. 3686. Available at: https://www.donya-e-eqtesad.com/en/tiny/news-3283332 (Accessed 8 August 2018). (In Persian).
  23. Hylton, K. (2001). Sport development: Policy, process, and practice. London, New York: Routledge.
  24. Islamic Consultative Assembly. (2017). Elective attendance of women at the stadium, the free entrance of women to the stadiums. Available at: http://www.icana.ir/Fa/News/ (Accessed 9 August 2017). (in Persian).
  25. Jones, K. (2008). Female fandom: Identity, sexism, and men’s professional football in Engalnd. Sociology of Sport Journal, 25(4), 516-537.
  26. Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., Rezaei Sufi, M., & Zokaei, H. (2016). Factor analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of receiving and hosting great international sporting events in Iran. Applied Research in Sport Management, 4(1), 24-11. (in Persian).
  27. LaVoi, N. M. (2016). Introduction. In N. M. LaVoi (Ed.), Women in sport coaching (pp. 1–9). New York: Routledge.
  28. Litchfield, C., Kavanagh, E., Osborne, J., & Jones, I. (2018). Social media and the politics of gender, race and identity: The case of Serena Williams. European Journal for Sport and Society, 15(2), 154-70.
  29. Loo, R. (2002). The Delphi method: a powerful tool for strategic management. An International Journal of Police Strategic and Management, 25(4), 762-9.
  30. Madensen, T. D., & Eck, J. E. (2008). Spectator violence in stadiums: A report of U.S Department of Justice.  Available at: https://go.unlv.edu/ sites/default/files/page_files/3/Spectator-Violence-in-Stadiums.pdf (Accessed 19 sep 2019 )
  31. Malchuthain, M. (2010). Sports and politics. Politics Quarterly, Faculty of Law and Political Science, 39(2), 301-16. (in Persian).
  32. Mintert, S. M., & Pfister, G. (2015). The FREE project and thefeminization of football: The role of women in the European fan community, Soccer & Society, 16(2-3), 405-421.
  33. Mutmani, A., Hemati, A., & Moradi, H. (2013). Identifying and prioritizing the barriers faced by women in exercising sports. Sports Management Studies, 24, 111-30. (In Persian).
  34. Naderi, A., Shahbazi, M., & Akbari. E. (2014). Anthropometric analysis of women's sports: A study on sports activities in women's parks in Tehran. Iranian Humanities Research, 4(2), 51-68. (in Persian).    
  35. Pope, S. (2011). Like pulling down Durham Cathedral and building a brothel: Women as ‘new consumer’ fans? International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 46(4), 471–87.
  36. Pope, S. (2013). The love of my life, the meaning and importance of sport for female fans. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 37(2), 176-95.
  37. Pope, S., & Williams, J. (2011). Beyond irrationality and the ultras: Some notes on female English rugby union fans and the ‘feminised’ sports crowd. Leisure Studies, 30(3), 293–308.
  38. Rahmani Nia, F., Ramezani Nejad, R., & Fazli-Naderi, A. (2006). Effect of male and female spectators on the incidence of aggressive behaviors of athletes. Journal of Motion, 29, 137-46. (in Persian).
  39. Rahmani Nia, F., Ramezani Nejad, R., & Soltani, M. (2004). Comparison of the effect of male and female spectators on the outcome of basketball and horse throwing student boys. Journal of Motion, 17, 137-48. (in Persian).
  40. Raisborough, J., & Bhatti, M. (2007). Women’s leisure and auto/ biography: Empowerment and resistance in the garden. Journal of Leisure Research, 39(3), 459–476.
  41. Richards, K. (2018). An examination of women in leadership positions in sport: A case study of Australian rules football (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Charles Sturt University, New South Wales.
  42. Shadmanfaat, S. M., Cochran, J. K., Muniz, C. N., & Kabiri, S. (2018). Soccer hooliganism in Iran: A test of Agnew’s general strain theory. Deviant Behavior, 1, 1-15.
  43. Stronach, M., Mazwell, H., & Pearce, S. (2018). Indigenous Australian women promoting health through sport. Sport Management Review, 22(1), 5-20.
  44. Sveinson, K., & Hoeber, L. (2016). Female sport fans’ experiences of marginalization and empowerment. Journal of Sport Management, 30, 8-21.
  45. Woman Message. (2012). The share of sports from women's leisure. No. 257. Available at: https://hawzah.net/en/Magazine/View/3992/7946/103618 (Accessed 8 August 2017). (in Persian).
  46. Wu, C. H., & Fong, W. C. (2011). Combining the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy Delphi method for developing critical competences of electronic commerce professional manager's. Qual Quant, 45, 751-68.
مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
دوره 12، شماره 61
مرداد و شهریور 1399
مرداد و شهریور 1399
صفحه 147-170
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 شهریور 1398
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار