نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور
2 استاد مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور
3 استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور
چکیده
موضوع اشتغال به‌ویژه اشتغال دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی مهم‌ترین چالش کشور در دهة پیش رو است؛ ازاین‌رو، شناسایی و پرورش ویژگی‌های مربوط به کارآفرینی به‌خصوص در دانش‌آموختگان رشتة تربیت‌بدنی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی دانش‌آموختگان تربیت‌بدنی بود. این پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی و ازنوع اکتشافی بود که به‌صورت میدانی انجام شده است. جامعة آماری پژوهش شامل دانش‌آموختگان تربیت‌بدنی 11 دانشکدة تربیت‌بدنی کشور طی سال‌های 87-1382 بود که در زمان مطالعه تعداد دانش‌آموختگان 4235 نفر بود. با توجه به دستور برآوردحجم نمونه، شمار آماری 200 نفر به‌دست آمد. در این پژوهش، برای برآورد اعتبار پرسش‌نامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ که برابر با 887/0 بود، استفاده شد. این پرسش‌نامه برپایة عوامل شناسایی‌شدة مؤثر در کارآفرینی دانش‌آموختگان تربیت‌بدنی در پیشینة پژوهش و دیدگاه صاحب‌نظران وکارشناسان فراهم شده است؛ بنابراین، روایی آن خودبه‌خود تأیید می‌شود. در این پژوهش، با بررسی مطالعات مشابه و استفاده از دیدگاه‌های صاحب‌نظران با روش دلفی، عوامل مؤثر در کارآفرینی دانش‌آموختگان تربیت‌بدنی در شش بعد روان‌شناختی، جمعیت‌شناختی، تحصیلی، مدیریتی، محیطی و صلاحیت‌های حرفه‌ای شناسایی شد و با استفاده از روش‌های آماری تأثیرگذاری این عوامل تأیید شد و در پایان نیز پیشنهادهایی براساس تحلیل‌های انجام‌شده ارائه گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigating and Analyzing Effective Factors on Entrepreneurship of Iranian Physical Education Graduates
نویسندگان [English]
- Abdolmahdi Nasirzadeh 1
- Abolfazl Farahani 2
- Maryam Vatandoust 3
1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, University of Payame Noor
2 Professor of Sport Management, University of Payame Noor
3 Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Payame Noor
چکیده [English]
Employment issue is an important national challenge, especially among university graduates, in the upcoming decade. Therefore, identifying and developing characteristics related to entrepreneurship has a considerable importance, especially among physical education graduates. The main goal of the present study was to identify effective factors on entrepreneurship of physical education graduates. This descriptive-analysis study was of exploratory type which was done as a field research. The statistical population included 11 faculties of physical education in Iran from 2003 to 2008, the number of which was 4235 people. According to the statistical estimation, the sample size was obtained as 200 people. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (Ra =0.887) was used in this research to estimate validity of the questionnaire. Since the mentioned questionnaire was provided based on the identified factors affecting entrepreneurial of physical education graduates in research background and expert’s opinions, therefore, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed spontaneously. Thus, in this study, similar investigations were examined and views of experts were used by Delphi method in order to identify the factors which affect entrepreneurship of physical education graduates in six psychological, demographic, educational, administrative, environmental and professional competence dimensions. Using statistical methods, the effectiveness of these factors was confirmed and, finally, some suggestions were presented according to the performed analyses.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Entrepreneurship
- Entrepreneur
- Physical Education Graduate
- Aidis, R., & van Praag, M. (2007). Illegal entrepreneurship experience: Does it make a difference for business performance and motivation? Journal of Business Venturin, 22(2), 283-310.
- Azizi, Mohammad (2003). A Study and Comparison of Entrepreneurship Enrichment Fields among Students at Shahid Beheshti University, Research Design, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University.
- Borgese, A. (2007). Standards in sports entrepreneurship education. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). United States Sports Academy.
- Bradley, S. V., Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2011). Swinging a double-edged sword: The effect of slack on entrepreneurial management and growth, Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 537–54.
- Imani, Mohammad (2005). Investigating the Role of Universities in Preparing Entrepreneurial Graduates to Provide Appropriate Patterns (Ph.D.), Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
- Jafarzadeh, M. (2005). Designing a Process Model for Entrepreneurial Perspectives for Physical Education Graduates. (Ph.D. Thesis). University of Tehran, Iran.
- Lee, L., Wong, P. K., Foo, M. D., & Aegean, L. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 124–36.
- Mondalizadeh, Z., Honari, H. (2000). Investigating Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship in Sport; as an Interdisciplinary Field, Interdisciplinary Studies Quarterly, 2(2), 113-36.
- Okello-Obura, C., Minishi-Majanja, M. K., Cloete, L., & Ikoja-Odongo, J. R. (2008). Business activities and information needs of SMEs in northern Uganda: Prerequisites for an information system. Library Management, 29(4/5), 367–91
- Oliver, S., & Reddy Kandadi, K. (2006). How to develop knowledge culture in organizations? A multiple case study of large distributed organizations. Journal of knowledge management, 10(4), 6-24.
- Ratten, V. (2010). Sport-based entrepreneurship: Towards a new theory of entrepreneurship and sport management. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1), 57-69.
- Schwarz, E., & Hunter, J. (2008). Advanced theory and practice in sport marketing. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Sharifian, I. (2009). Designing a Process Pattern for Entrepreneurship Motivation for Physical Education Students. (Ph.D. Thesis). Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Tojjari, F., Khodayari, A. (2006). Study on Entrepreneurship Preparedness in Education: An Analysis of the Basis of Measuring the Size of Entrepreneurship in Sport (ERI)», Research in Sport Sciences Spring 2006: 4(10).
- Tran, K. (2008). Action sports firms march fashion forward. Women’s Wear Daily, 195(53).
- Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 341–58.
- Vincett, P. S., & Farlow, S. (2008). Start-a-Business: An experiment in education through entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 274-88.
)