Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
PhD Student, Department of Sports Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22089/smrj.2025.17072.4055
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Background and Purpose
Despite the fact that different levels of sport (public, educational, and championship) are related to the core of society and their goal is to spread vitality and cheerfulness, raise morale and increase motivation, have a healthy life in the individual and social dimension, reduce family and social abnormalities along with strengthening physical strength and eliminating mental and psychological problems in various segments of society, increase knowledge, achieve global successes, promote and highlight sports ability in international arenas, and for this reason, it is essential to address sports and implement correct policies for its development, but very little past research has addressed policymaking in the development of sports at the three levels of sport, and the limited research that has been conducted has not presented comprehensive and coherent results that can be applied at a macro level. Perhaps the process of policy-making in sports and bringing it to the desired position and attracting the target community is very complex due to its breadth and requires greater attention and coordination between cultural, social, and economic spheres and mutual cooperation between cultural, social, and economic institutions in culture-building, awareness-raising, information dissemination, and creating low-cost and easily accessible facilities for different segments of society. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a policy-making model for developing the levels of public, educational, and championship sports.
Methods
The current research is applied and qualitative, based on the Grounded Theory method with Strauss and Corbin's approach. The statistical population includes academic faculty members of universities, sports managers and managers and executive officers of the Sports Development Office of the Ministry of Sports, 16 of whom were selected using the purposeful and snowball sampling method and considering theoretical saturation. In the present study, a semi-structured interview was used to collect the necessary information, and the questions of this interview were designed in such a way that the research objectives could ultimately be achieved. To examine the validity and reliability of the research tool, four elements presented by Guba and Lincoln, including validity, transferability, dependability, and confirmability, were used. Also, to maintain reliability, the materials were reviewed in two stages, one after 10-50% of the categorizations were completed and the other at the end of the work, which indicated a high reliability of the research tool. In data analysis, first the participants in this study and their demographic characteristics were presented, and then the data coding and its different stages were presented according to the approach and method used in the present study (grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin approach). As the first stage of data coding (open coding), the preliminary codes and how to convert them into final codes were explained. In the second stage of data coding, called axial coding, the final codes were assigned to categories and were given a higher degree of abstraction. Finally, in the third stage of coding, called selective coding, the axial category was identified and the relationship of other categories to this category was determined.
Results
In the following, according to the approach used in the analyses (Strauss and Corbin approach), the open, axial and selective coding stages are presented in different sections. First, open coding was carried out and finally 105 open codes were obtained. It should be noted that initially the open codes obtained were 164 codes, and after removing repetitive and similar codes, 105 codes were obtained. Then, after the open codes were identified, axial coding was carried out, which resulted in the identification of 16 categories and 36 concepts. In the selective coding stage, each of the categories and concepts identified in the previous stage were assigned to selective codes including causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. In this research, eliminating weaknesses, the high importance of exercise, the need for change and attractiveness of sports as causal conditions; Management factors as background conditions; economic factors, socio-cultural factors and political factors as intervening conditions; Iran's sports development policies as a central phenomenon; Management strategies, economic strategies, educational strategies, and cultural strategies were identified as strategies and development of sport for all, development of educational sports, and development of athletic sports as policy consequences in the development of sport for all, educational, and athletic sports levels.
Conclusion
In general, based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that there are many factors that affect the development of public, championship and educational sports in Iran, and relevant officials and managers should pay special attention to these factors, and in addition, by applying managerial, economic, educational and cultural strategies, they can ultimately develop the country's sports in all three areas of championship, public and educational sports. Therefore, based on the results of the research, it is suggested to managers at different levels of sports in the country to improve access to sports equipment and facilities at the community level, provide sports infrastructure for special segments of society such as the blind and other disabled people as well as women, use experts in macro-decision-making in the country's sports and select these people based on meritocracy, do not allow non-sports people, such as politicians or profiteers, to interfere in sports decision-making, and welcome private sector investment in various sectors of championship, public and educational sports. It is worth noting that there were also limitations in the present study. One of these limitations was that due to the dispersion of interviewees across the country, some interviews were conducted virtually, which reduced the level of control over data collection. Also, this study examined policymaking in the development of public, educational, and championship levels of sports in Iran, and its results cannot be directly attributed to other societies and industries. Also, the degree of operationalization of the policies presented in the present study has not been examined and field tested, which suggests that future research should examine and operationalize these policies.
Article Message
Applying managerial, economic, educational, and cultural strategies can lead to the development of the country's sports in all three areas of championship, public, and educational sports.
Ethical Considerations
In the present study, all ethical standards were observed, including the accuracy of information, referencing, confidentiality of participant information, and voluntary participation in the research.
Authors’ Contributions
Conceptualization: Ali Shakoul, Ali Zarei, Jasem Manouchehri.
Data Collection: Ali Shakoul.
Data Analysis: Ali Shakoul.
Manuscript Writing: Ali Shakoul.
Review and Editing: Ali Zarei, Jasem Manouchehri.
Responsible for funding: Ali Shakoul, Ali Zarei, Jasem Manouchehri.
Literature Review: Ali Shakoul.
Project Manager: Ali Zarei.
Conflict of Interest
There is no conflict of interest in this study.
Acknowledgments
All the loved ones who participated in the present study are appreciated and thanked.
Keywords
Subjects
