Sport Management Studies

Comparison of Quality of Life and Physical Fitness Skills of Users of Electronic and Non-Electronic Sports Games (Case Study: 12th Grade Female Students)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Sports Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
This study investigate the effect of electronic and non- electronic sports on the life quality and physical fitness skill related indicators. The population of this study contained 900 female students of the high schools Shar-e-Rey district 2. Among them 60 were selected randomly and were categorized into four groups according to the amount of their sports activity and electronic sports. The research method was descriptive and semi-experimental, which was conducted in the field. A standard life quality questionnaire was applied to measure the life quality of the subjects and to evaluate the effect of this study on them. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by the faculty of physical education and its reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.83. Descriptive indices and statistical test of covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the study indicated that the mean and standard deviation of the post-test of life quality variable were 2.90 ± 0.37 in control group , 2.83 ± 0.31 in sport group, 3.03 ± 0.20 in electronic games and 2.88 ± 0.25 in electronic and sports and games. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test of life quality (P> 0.05, F = 1/02). Regarding the physical fitness variables, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test variables of agility, throwing the ball, reaction, raising the shoulder and the horizon bar.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Ahmadi, S. (2015). The effect of sport activities on the life quality of students of Islamic University (Unpublished master's thesis). Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch. (in Persian).
  2. Akhlagh Ali, S. (2019). The relationship between the use of computer games with mental health and academic achievement of students in Shiraz. Journal of Modern Advances in Behavioral Sciences, 4(31), 67-78. (in Persian).
  3. Amiri, H., Afsharinia, K. (2011). The role of performing computer games and children's behavioral disorders. Paper presented at the Regional Conference on Child and Adolescent Psychological Issue, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch. 13 p. (in Persian).
  4. Armstrong, C.A., Sallis, J.F., Alcaraz, J.E., Kolody, B., McKenzie, T.L., M F Hovell, M.F. (1998). Children's television viewing, body fat, and physical fitness. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12, 363-368.
  5. Beaumont, E., Durkin, M., Martin, C. J. H., & Carson, J. (2016). Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: A quantitative. Midwifery, 4: 239-244.
  6. Chen, W., Zhu, W., Mason, S., Hammond-Bennett, A., & Colombo-Dougovito, A. (2016). Effectiveness of quality physical education in improving students' manipulative skill competency. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(2), 231-238.
  7. Ciesla, E., Mleczko, E., Bergier, J., Markowska, M., & Nowak-Starz, G. (2014). Health-related physical fitness, BMI, physical activity and time spent at a computer screen in 6 and 7-year-old children from rural areas in Poland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 21(3), 617-621.
  8. Curet, M. J. (2007). The impact of video games on training surgeons in the 21st century—Invited critique. Archives of Surgery, 142(2), 181-186.
  9. Cvrlje, D., & Ćorić, T. (2010). Macro & micro aspects of standard of living and quality of life in a small transition economy: The case of Croatia. EFZG Working Paper Series, (2), 1-12.
  10. Engelhardt, C R.; Hilgard, J; Bartholow, B D. (2015). Acute exposure to difficult (but not violent) video games dysregulates cognitive control. Compute Human Behavior, 45, 85-92.
  11. Funk, D. C., Pizzo, A. D., & Baker, B. J. (2018). eSport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 7-13.
  12. Ghodratnama, A. (2013). The relationship between sport participation motivation and physical activity of Chamran University Students in Ahvaz. Sport Management Studies, 18, 189-202. (in Persian).
  13. Hallmann, K., & Giel, T. (2018). eSports–Competitive sports or recreational activity? Sport Management Review, 21(1), 14-20.
  14. Hatami, A. (2019). Effect of motor computer games and traditional exercises on gross motor skills and motivation in 8-10-year-old children (Unpublished master's thesis). Kharazmi University, Tehran. (in Persian).
  15. Heere, B. (2017), Embracing the sportification of society: Defining eSports through a polymorphic view on sport. Sport Management Review, 21, 21-24.
  16. Jarahi, S, (2019). The impact of eight weeks of active video games on cognitive and motor functions of male students (Unpublished master's thesis). Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz. (in Persian).
  17. Jenny, S. E., Manning, R. D., Keiper, M. C., & Olrich, T. W. (2017). Virtual (ly) athletes: Where eSports fit within the definition of “Sport”. Quest, 69(1), 1-18.
  18. Johnson-Glenberg, M. C., & Hekler, E. B. (2013). Alien Health Game: An embodied exergame to instruct in nutrition and Myplate. Games for Health: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications, 2(6), 354-361.
  19. Kari, T. & Karhulahti , V. (2016), Do e-athletes move? A study on training and physical exercise in elite eSports. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, 8(4), 1-14.
  20. Kasiridolatabadi, N., Eslami, A.A., Mostafavi, F., Hassanzadeh, A., Moradi, A. (2011). Effect of Computer Games on the Life Quality of Teenagers of Barkhoar Province Ranging 12-15. Health System Research. 7(3), 291-300. (in Persian).
  21. Mellecker, R. R., & McManus, A. M. (2008). Energy expenditure and cardiovascular responses to seated and active gaming in children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(9), 886-891.
  22. Moini, V., Ramezani-Badr, F., Avazeh, A., Jalalzadeh, M., Hakami, M., & Akhlaghi, M. (2014). The combined effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercises on the quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, 22(92), 55-65 (in Persian).
  23. Najmeh, H., & Zemestani, M. (2014). The relationship between spiritual intelligence, personality traits and the life quality of medical students. Hormozgan Medical Journal, 17(4), 355-347. (in Persian).
  24. Oghdaie, M., Azimzadeh, E., Akbari, D. (2017). The effect of local native games on the student's motor vision skills regarding their online games experience. Motor Behavior, 29, 169-182.
  25. Oksana, S., Lolita, D., Yuriy, Y., & Elena, Y. (2019). Computer games and their impact on the mental and physical development of the individual. In Performance, Advances in Human Factors in Wearable Technologies and Game Design International Scientific and Practical Conference on Digital Economy (ISCDE 2019), held on November 7-8, 2019, Institute of Digital Economics, Chelyabinsk, Russia. (pp. 325-334).
  26. Rahbari, S., & Asadzadeh, H. (2017). The effect of aerobic exercise on the quality of life of high school students. Paper presented at the Second National Conference on Educational Science and Technology of Iranian Social Studies and Psychology, Tehran. (in Persian).
  27. Rahmani, N. F., Mirzaei, B., & Jafarzadeh, B. A. (2010). Investigation of TV and computer games in underweight and obese boys and their relationship with physical activity, fitness and body composition. 2(5), 71-94.
  28. Railsback, D., & Capo Russo, N. (2019). Investigating the human factors in eSports performance. Paper presented at the International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 325-334). Springer, Cham.
  29. Ramezani, T. (2001). The investigation of work life quality and the performance of girl's and boy's high school principals in Hamedan (Unpublished master's thesis). Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran. (in Persian).
  30. Saskia, V., Bourdeaudhuij, I., Thorsdottir, I., Rasmussen, M., Hagströmer, M., Klepp, K., Brug, J. 2007. Patterns in sedentary and exercise behaviors and associations with overweight in 9-14 years old and girls: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 7(16), 55-61.
  31. Sattar, M., Esfarjani, F., & Nezakatalhosseini, M. (2013). The effect of aquatic-resistance training on quality of life in postmenopausal women. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1732-1739.
  32. Schaeperkoetter, C. C., Mays, J., Hyland, S. T., Wilkerson, Z., Oja, B., Krueger, K., ..., & Bass, J. R. (2017). The “New” student-athlete. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 10(1), 1-21.
  33. Schoepke, J., Hoonakker, P. L., & Carayon, P. (2004). Quality of working life among women and men in the information technology workforce. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 48, No. 14, pp. 1576-1580). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  34. Shobeyri, M., Arab Nozari, F., Kohi, E., Meybodi, H., Leilabor, N., Rashidi, S. (2016). The effect of computer games on students' mental health. Nursing Psychology, 4(4), 1-6.
  35. Soltani Shal, R., Aghamohammadian Sharbaf, H., & Ghanaei Chamanabad, A. (2013). Effect of exercise on general health, quality of sleep and quality of life in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad students. Journal Qazvin University Medical Science, 17(4), 39-46. (in Persian).
  36. Suits, B. (2007). The elements of sport. In W. Morgan (Ed.), Ethics in sport. 2(3), 9-19.
  37. Theodoropoulou, S., Leotsakou, C., Baltathakis, I., Christonakis, A., Xirodima, M., & Karakasis, D. (2006). Quality of life and psychopathology of 53 long-term survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Hippokratia, 6(1), 1-19.
  38. Vafaeenajar, A., Masihabadi, M., Moshki, M., Ebrahimipour, H., Tehrani, H., & Esmaily, H. (2015). Determining the theory of planned behavior’s predictive power on adolescents’ dependence on computer games. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 2(4), 303-311.
  39. Yılmaz, M. M., İlarslan, N. E. Ç., Gunay, F., Yılmaz, O., Ates, F. S. O., Kose, S. K., Bilir, P. (2018). Relation of screen-time (phone-computer-tv-online games) and physical activity with childhood obesity. European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, 89, 3-154.
  40. Elvasky S. 2009. Physical activity, menopause, and quality of life: the role of affect and self-worth across time. Menopause, 16(2),265-71.
Sport Management Studies
Volume 13, Issue 67
July and August 2021
Pages 89-116

  • Receive Date 14 August 2019
  • Revise Date 01 March 2020
  • Accept Date 22 April 2020

Home

Publication Ethics

Submit Manuscript

News

Journal Metrics

Contact Us