Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, University of Tabriz

2 Lecturer of Economics Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University

3 Ph. D Student of Economic Sciences, University of Tabriz

4 Ph. D Student of Sport Management, University of Tabriz

Abstract

Today, the economy and sports industry are concerned as one of the most important economic sectors in all countries, especially developing countries.Sporting goods exports has always been one of the topics discussed economic decision-makers in the context of sports economy. Considering the importance of this sector of the economy sports, this study aimed to investigate convergence of exported goods group during 1992- 2012 sports industry in Iran. The research method for the price pair is econometric generalized method of moments by using the Beta and Sigma convergence method in order to investigate the convergence of the grouping. Grouping goods including clothing, shoes, balls and sports equipment. The results showed that there is beta convergence in the sport of exported goods, the rate of convergence in this factor 0.674 is statistically significant and indicates that the speed of convergence. Also, Sigma convergence test results approved the existence of convergence and reducing the deviations groups are through time. This factor is also statistically significant. Considering the results of the beta and sigma convergence can confirm the existence of convergence in exporting sporting goods group acknowledged Iran during the period studied.

Keywords

Main Subjects

1. Anand, R., & Madhogaria. Sh. (2012). Is gold a safe haven? An econometric analysis. Journal of Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 24-33.
2. Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specifications for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review Economic Studies, 58, 277-97.
3. Askarian, F., & Jafari, A. (2008). Evaluation of the sport's international transactions in 1377 and 1380. Olympic Quarterly, 4(40), 97-103. (Persian).
4. Baumal, W. J. (1986). Productivity growth, convergence and welfare: What the long run data show. American Economic Review, 76, 1072-85.
5. Bruno, G., De Bonis, R., & Silvestrini, A. (2012). Do financial system convergence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 40, 134-44.
6. Byrne, J. P., & Davis, E. P. (2002). A comparison of balance sheet structure in major EU countries. The National Institute Economic Review, 180, 83-95.
7. Dabiri Mehr, P. (2009). Re-export development strategies in Iran. The Journal of Export Industry, 8(55), 26- 42. (Persian).
8. Dvorokova, K. (2014). Sigma versus beta convergence in EU28, do they lead to different results? Mathematical Methods in Finance and Business Administration, 33, 701-21.
9. Friedman, M. (1992). Do old fallacies ever die? Journal of Economic Literature, 30, 21-32.
10. Gholamzadeh Fasandoz, H. (2001). Export and import of sporting goods. University of Jyvaskyla. (Master’thesis). Alzahra, Tehran. (Persian).
11. Huang, L. (2011). Research on effect of Beijing post-Olympic sports industry to china’s economic development. Energy Procedia, 5, 2097–102.
12. Kazerouni, A. R., Asgharpour, H., & Rezai, Kh. (2014). Check price level convergence in the provinces of Iran. Journal of Business Research, 70, 23-45. (Persian).
13. Krugman, P. (1991). The move toward free trade zones in policy implications of trade and currency zones. Journal Economic Review, 76(6), 5-25.
14. Lee, K., Pesaran, M. H., & Smith, R. (1997). Growth and convergence in a multi-country empirical stochastic Solow model. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12, 357-92.
15. Murinde, V., Agung, J., & Mullineux, A. (2004). Patterns of corporate financing and financial system convergence in Europe. Review of International Economics, 12, 693-705.
16. Parkers, J. B., Zager, B. R. K., & Quarterman, J. (1998). Contemporary sport management. Tehran: Human Kintics Publisher.
17. Pesaran, M. H. (2005). A pair-wise approach for testing output and growth convergence. Journal of Econometrics, 138, 312–55.
18. Quah, D. (1993). Galton's fallacy and test of the convergence hypothesis. European Review, 40, 75-135.
19. Salai-Martin, X. (1995). The classical approach to convergence analysis. Economic Journal, 106 (437): 1019- 36.
20. Sanderson, K., Harris, F., Russel, S., & Chas, S. (2000). The economic benefits of sport: A review. Business and Economic Research Ltd (BERL),4 (1): 253-75.
21. Samadi A. H. (2003). The actual exchange rate flexibility and supply of export of agricultural products: A case study of Iran (1982-1999). Agricultural and Bank Quarterly, 1, 161-76. (Persian).
22. Sarlab, R. (2014). Changes in the competitive structure of national export sporting goods. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Tabriz, Tabriz. (Persian).
23. Shah Abadi, A., Salmani, Y., & Vali Nia, S. A. (2016). Study of convergence of agricultural market in D8 and G7countries whit use Gravity Model Approach. Agricultural Economics Research, 8(4), 127-50. (Persian).
24. Sirybah, M. (2015). Real convergence in West Africa economic and monetary union. Economic Letters, 135, 9-36.
25. Snowdan, B., & Vane, H. A. (2014). Modern macroeconomics (The origin, evolution and previous status). Tehran: The Study and Textbooks Social Sciences (SAMT).
26. Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quartely of Economics, 70, 65-94.
27. Swan, T. (1956). Economic growth and capital accumulation. Economic Record, 32(2), 334-61.
28. Barro, Robert j., & Salai- Martin, X. (1995). Economic growth. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
29. Tayebi, K., & Azarbayjani, K. (2001). Evaluate the potential of trade between Iran and Ukraine: Applying the gravity model. Journal of Commerce, 21, 61-82. (Persian).