Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Arak University

2 Professor of Sport Management, Tarbiat Modares University

3 Associate Professor of Sport Management, University of Tehran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a model to identify obstacles and constraints facing marketing capabilities in Premier League football clubs. This survey is a exploratory research with Qualitative natuare that the grounded theory method were used. Statistical population included all of the football clubs’ managers and members faculty of sport management. Samples were selected by Theoretical and Snowball sampling. To collect data, Depth interviews by open-ended questions were used. Then, collected data from 16 interviews were encoded and analyzed through grounded theory method. The results of codes classification showed 25 marketing barriers at the three contextual, organizational, and behavioral levels. The contextual level includes micro and macro environmental barriers such as cultural, economic, political, social, media and government barriers. In structural level, barriers related to physical facilities and institutional barriers; and the behavioral level includes individual and administrative barriers such as planning and strategic thinking lack, and staff, coaches and players. Finally, the research model designed according to the three ramifications model. The proposed model can be used as an analytical tool for identifying football marketing so that it would solve problems of this field of sport reasonably and principally and Take action to solve these obstacles formally.

Keywords

1. Abasi Esfanjani, H., & Foruzandeh Dehkordi, L. (2015). Identify and explain the determining factors in the commercialization of academic research with the ramifications of the tripartite model. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 6(4), 33-46. (Persian)
2. Andrew, D., Pedersen, P. M., & McEvoy, C. (2013). Research methods and design in sport management. (H. Kozechian, R. Noruzi Seyed Hoseini, & A. Heidari, A., Translators). Tehran: Hatmi Publications. (Persian)
3. Askarian, F., & Azadan, M. (2013). Absorption barriers of sponsors in Iranian professional football. Journal of Sport Management and Action Bihavior, 2(4), 59-69. (Persian)
4. Baker, B. J., McDonald, H., & Funk, D. C. (2016). The uniqueness of sport: Testing against marketing’s empirical laws. Sport Management Review,19(4), 378–390.
5. Danayi Fard, H., Alvani, M., & Azar, A. (2010). Methodology of qualitative research in management: A comprehensive approach. Tehran: Eshraghi (Safar) Publications. (Persian)
6. Desbordes, M. (2007). Introduction: New directions for marketing in football, marketing and football: An international perspective. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
7. Dimitropoulos, P. (2010). The financial performance of the Greek football clubs. Choregia, 6(1), 5-28.
8. Dunning, J. H. (2002). Determinants of foreign direct investment: Globalizatoin induced changes and the role of FDI policies. The Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics in Europe, Oslo, Mimeo.
9. Ehsani, M., Saffari, M., Amiri, M., & Kozechian, H. (2015). Designing the model of sport for all in Iran. Sport Management Studies, 6(27), 87-108. (Persian).
10. Ekmekci, R. (2013). New era sport sponsorship in Turkey. Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(1), 10-3.
11. Elahi, A., Sajadi, N., Khabiri, M., & Abrishami, M. (2010). Barriers of development of attracting of revenue from sponsorship in the football industry. Journal of Sport Management, Tehran University, 1(1), 189-202. (Persian).
12. Elahi, A. (2009). Barriers and solutions of economic development of football industry in Iran. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (Persian).
13. Esmaeilzadeh, M., Tojjari, F., & Sheikh Alizadeh, M. (2009). Study of non-governmental sponsors in the sport: Case study of Mashhad city. 1th National Conference of Sport Management, Amol University. (Persian).
14. Ezadi, A. (2005). Describes of affecting factors on absorption of sponsorship of sponsor companies of professional football in Iran. (Unpublished masterʼs thesis). Tarbiat Moalem University, Tehran, Iran. (Persian).
15. Feiz, D., & Zangian, S. (2014). Designing the model of influence of marketing capabilities on entrepreneurship of small and medium-sized companies. National Conference of Entrepreneural university, Mazandaran University, Babolsar. (Persian).
16. Hamidizadeh, M., & Kheirkhah, M. (2013). Survey of the effect of marketing knowledge management capabilities on the performance of the organization in the Iranian petrochemical industry. Quarterly of Business Administration Researchs, 4(8), 30-45. (Persian).
17. Huda, H. A.-K. (2001). Investors opinions about sports marketing in Bahrain. International Sports Studies, 23(1/2), 111-23.
18. James, J. D., & Ross, S. D. (2004). Comparing sport consumer motivations across multiple sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(1), 17-25.
19. Khosromanesh, R. (2010). Analyze of sponsorship in Tehran football clubs: With the decision approach. (Unpublished masterʼs thesis). Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (Persian).
20. Moradi Chaleshteri, J., Moradi, M., Noruzian Ghahfarokhi, S., & Jafari, A. (2014). Examine the economic barriers affecting on attract foreign investment in the football industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Sport Management, 5(2),129-47. (Persian).
21. Mohammad Kazemi, R., Tondnevis, F., & Khabiri, M. (2009). The study of prices factor from sports marketing mix elements in the Iranian professional football league and comparing the current situation with the league-by South Korea and Japan. Journal of Movement Sience and Sport, 12(2), 121-32. (Persian).
22. O'Cass, A., & Ngo, L. (2007). Balancing external adaptation and internal effectiveness: Achieving better brand performance. Journal of Business Research, 60(1), 11−20.
23. Pil Ha, J., Hums, M., & Greenwell, T. C. (2016). Using cultural factors to explore sport consumption behaviors of ethnic minority groups: The case of Asians in the United States. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 17(2), 130-52.
24. Pits, B. G., & Stotlar, D. K. (2013). Fundamentals of sport marketing (4th ed.). Morgantown: Fitness Information Technology.
25. Rasooli, M. (2015). Designing the model of brand strategic management in Premier League football clubs. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. (Persian).
26. Saatchian, V., & Elahi, A. (2015). Factor analysis of marketing barriers to attract and development of fan of professional league football club. Sport Management Studies, 6(22), 85-104. (Persian).
27. Seif Panahi, J. (2014). Designing the model of marketing development of Premier League football clubsin Iran. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (Persian).
28. Silva, T. D., Almeida, T. S., & da Silva, R. C. (2015). Politics and sports finance in Brazil: An analysis about the national system for sport and leisure. Ernational Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 2(7), 68-74.
29. Simkin, L. (2002). Barriers impeding effective implementation of marketing plans: A training agenda. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 17(1), 8-24.
30. Soutall. R. M., Nagel, M. S., & Le Grande D. J. (2005). Build it and they will come? The Women's United Soccer Associatioon: A collision of exchange theory and strategic philantrophy. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14(3), 158-67.
31. Tarighi, R., Hamidi, M., & Rajabi, H. (2015). Designing of marketing model of national university sports federation. Research in University Sport, 5, 15-30. (Persian).
32. Torkfar, A. (2011). Influence of motivational factors on absorption of fans to games of Premier League football in Iran. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tehran Markaz, Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (Persian).
33. Zaree, A., Ahmadi, A., Moradi, G., & Hoseini, A. (2015). Identify and rank the available challenges in the process of privatization of football clubs based on PEST. Journal of Sport Management, 6(4), 575-93. (Persian).