Sport Management Studies

Investigation of Sanctions Effect on Iran's Trade and Major Trading Partners and Trend Forecasting in The Sports Industry

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, University of Tabriz

2 Assistant Professor of Economics Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University

3 Ph.D. Student of Sport Management, University of Tabriz

4 Ph.D. Student of Economic Sciences, University of Tabriz

Abstract
Exports and imports are an important tool for developing countries to earn foreign exchange earnings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of economic sanctions on Iran's trade with major trading partners in the sports industry and countries, including China, Turkey, Finland, Saudi Arabia, Japan, France, Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and also check the status of the economy Iran is under post-sanctions. In order to assess the gravity model and panel data is used. Countries in the group of countries that have trade relations with Iran are grouped downwards and upwards. Data based on information from the 1999 to 2012 period, and the resources of the Central Customs Data Center is the Islamic Republic of Iran and the World Bank. The results show that GDP, dummy variables prior period and current weak sanctions and prior period of strong sanctions on Iran's trade balance has a positive effect on the course. Population variables, exchange rates, variable distance and dummy variables of strong sanctions the current period's has a negative effect on the share of trade with major trading partners in the sports industry. Although investigation of the share of trade`s share variation in goods sports Iran with its trading partners by using E- GARCH method shows that weak sanctions have a greater impact on the variation of the share of those changes is still asymmetric. In other words, Strong sanctions of the current period have a negative effect on the share of business partnerships, and weak sanctions have a greater impact on the prediction of trade volatility in the industry.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Askarian, F., & Jafari, F. (2007). Evaluation of international trade of goods in 1377 and 1380. Journal of Olympics, 15(4), 97-103. (Persian).
  2. Bahmani–Oskoee, M., & Goswawi, G. G. (2004). Exchange rate sensitivity of Japans bilaterd flows. Journal of Japan and the World Economy, 16, 25-38.
  3. Behroozi Far, M., Kokabi, S. (2004). US Sanctions: Test Tested, Political-Economic Information, 31, 126-43. (Persian).
  4. Caruso, R. (2003). The impact of international economic sanctions on trade an empirical analysis. Peace Science and Public Policy, 9(2), 46- 61.
  5. Charumbira, M. (2008). Applying the gravity model to trade flow in country under sanctions: Case ao zimbwe (1998-2006). Available at: (Accessed 1 december 2019).
  6. Evenett, S. (2002). The impact of economic sanctions South African exports, Scottish. Journal of Political Economy, 49(5), 557-73.
  7. Eyler, R. (2007). Economic sanctions: International policy and political economy at work. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  8. Fadaei, M., & Derakhshan, M. (2015). Analysis of short-term and long-term effects of economic sanctions on economic growth in Iran. Journal of Economic Growth and Development, 5(18), 113-32. (Persian).
  9. Frey, B. (1984). International political economics. Oxford: Basis Blacwell.
  10. Gray, P. H. (1986). Non competitive goods and gains of trade. The International Trade Journal, 1(2), 24- 42.
  11. Golliard, M. M. (2013). Economic sanctions: Embargo on stage. Theory and Empirical Evidence, University of Tampere. Available at: (Accessed 1 december 2019).
  12.  Hafner-Burton, E. M, & Montgomery, A. H. (2008). Power or plenty: How do international trade institutions affect conomic sanctions? Journal of Conflict Resolution, 52(2), 213-42.
  13. Hufbauer, G., & Oegg, B. (2003). Beyond the nation-state: Privatization of economic sanctions. Middle East Policy, 10(2), 126-34.
  14. Kahzare, S., & Nikpour, N. (2014). The effects of international sanctions on Iranian exports with trade gravity model approach. Paper presened at The Second International Conference on the Economy in Terms of Sanctions, Babolsar, (Persian).
  15. Kaempfer, W. H., & Lowenberg, A. D. (1999). Unilateral versus multilateral international sanctions: A public choice perspective. International Studies Quarterly, 43(1), 37-58.
  16. Kalashi, M. (2015) Analyze of the role of sport in economic growth and development of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (Master’s thesis). Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. (Persian).
  17. Katzman, K. (2015). Iran sanction. Congressional Research Service. Available at: (Accessed 1 december 2019).
  18. Kazerouni, A., Asghrapur, H., & Khezri, A. (2017). Investigating the effect of economic sanctions on the composition of major trade partners of Iran during 1992- 2013. Business Research Letter, 79(2), 1-33. (Persian).
  19. Khezri, A. (2015). The effects of economic sanctions on the composition of trade between Iran and major foreign trade partners during the period 1371-92. (Master's thesis). University of Tabriz, Tabriz. (Persian).
  20. Khodadadi, M. R., Panahi, H., Faridfathi, M., & Masoomzadeh, S. (2015). Fully modify ordinary least square approach in sanctions and post-sanctions on Iran's trade and major trading partners in the sports industry. Paper presented at the first industrial industrial conference in Iran, Tabriz University. (Persian).
  21. Lopez, G., & Cortright, D. A. (1995). Sanction Sava, an alternative to military intervention. The FlecherForoum, Fase/3/385-404. Available at: (Accessed 1 december 2019).
  22. Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A New Approach. Econometrica, 59, 347-70.
  23. Peter A. G., & Van, B. (1989). Success and failures of economic sanctions. Kyros, 42(3), 385-404.
  24. Piltan, F. (2013). The consequences of international sanctions on the goals and visions of the country's 20-year development of effective and constructive interaction in international relations. Journal of Political Science, 9(25), 87-121. (Persian).
  25. Sadeghi, R (2012). The role of sports marketing mix elements (5P) in Iranian apparel production. (Master's thesis). University of Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran. (Persian).
  26. Saeedi, R., Saeedi, Kh., & Dehghani, A. (2014). Feasibility of establishing a preferential trade agreement with Iran with countries in the BRICS group. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policy, 22(69), 107-30. (Persian).
  27. Students News Agency (ISNA), Service: Political - foreign policy, 2015.
  28. Souri, A. (2014). Advanced econometrics by using stata 12 and eviews 8. Publication of Ethnography: (2), Tehran. (Persian).
  29. Tolley, G. S., & Wilman J. D. (1977). The foreign dependence questions. The Journal of Political Economy, 85(2), 64-92.
  30. Vosoughi, S., Shahmansouri, T., Shahsavari, M., & Rayanpour, E. (2011). The feasibility of establishing regional trade arrangements between Iran and the countries of Central Asia. Journal of Commerce, 60. 135-63. (Persian).
  31. Weiss, A. (2011). Principles of sociology of sport. (K. Rasekh, translator). Tehran: Reed Publishing Press.
  32. www.cepii.fr/bdd.
  33. www.data.worldbank.org/world developmentindicators.
  34. World Bank. (2009). World development report: Reshapimg economic geographic. Olympia: Washangton DC Press.
  35. Zahrani, M., & Dolatkhah, Z. (2009). Comparison of the sanctions imposed on Iran and North Korea in the Security Council. Quarterly Strategy, 19(55), 139-70. (Persian).
  36. Zahrani, M. (2009). Sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran: Alternatives to War or the Main Component of Control. Foreign Relations Quarterly, 2(4), 47-78. (Persian).
  37. Ziaei Bigdeli, M., Gholami, E & Tahmasebi Baldaji, F. (2009). Investigating the Effect of Economic Sanctions on Iranian Trade: An Application of the Gravity Model, Economic Journal, 48, 109-19. (Persian).
Sport Management Studies
Volume 11, Issue 57
November and December 2019
Pages 39-58

  • Receive Date 14 May 2017
  • Revise Date 26 September 2017
  • Accept Date 15 October 2017

Home

Publication Ethics

Submit Manuscript

News

Journal Metrics

Contact Us