Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate validity of the Persian version for organizational silence questionnaire. The statistical population included the whole employees in ministry of sport and youth in Iran. The sample consisted of all the population according to the small of population. Measurement instrument was organizational silence questionnaire of Vakola & Bouradas (2005). Questionnaire included three subscales (supervisors’ attitudes to silence, top managers attitude to silence, communications opportunities). University professors including expert of sport management confirmed the validity. There was a pilot study to measure reliability. The reliability was desirable (Cronbach a=0.90). Descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze data. Results showed that all questions had significant relationship with their factors leading to be a good predictor for their factor. According to the result, the reliability and validity for Persian version of organizational silence questionnaire were acceptable.

Keywords

Main Subjects

1. Avery, D. R., & Quinones, M. A. (2002). Disentangling the effects of voice: The incremental roles of opportunity, behaviour, and instrumentality in predicting procedural fairness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 81-6.
2. Bagheri, G., Zarei, R., & Nik Aeen, M. (2012). Organizational silence (Basic concepts and its development factors). Ideal Type of Management,1(1), 47-58.
3. Bastug, G., Pala. A., Yilmaz, T., Duyan, M., & Gunel. I.  (2016). Organizational silence in sports employees. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(4), 126-32.
4. Beer, M., & Noria, N. (2000). Cracking the code of change. Harvard Business Review, 78(3), 33-41.
5. Cosier, R. A., & Schwenk, C. R. (1990). Agreement and thinking alike: Ingredients for poor decisions. Academy of Man-agement Executive, 4(1), 69-74.
6. Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behaviour in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435–62.
7. Danaeifard, H., Fani, A. A., & Barati, E. (2011). Clarifying the role of organizational culture on organizational silence in the public sector. Public Management Perspective, 2(8), 61-82. (Persian).
8. Huang, X., Van der Vliert, V., & Van der Vegt, G. (2005). Breaking the silence culture: Stimulation of participation and employee opinion withholding cross-nationally. Management and Organization Review, 1(3), 459–82.
9. Karaca, H. (2013). An exploratory study on the impact of organizational silence in hierarchical organization: Turkish National Police case. European Scientific Journal, 9(23), 38-50.
10. Morrison, E, W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25,706-25.
11. Nemeth, C. J., & Staw, B. M. (1997). The tradeoffs of social control and innovation in groups and organizations. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (175-210). New York: Academic Press.
12. Perlow, L, A. (2003). When you say yes but mean no. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
13. Peffer, J. (1997). New directions for organization theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
13. Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K, P. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. In K. M. Rowland & G. R. Ferris (Eds), Research in personnel and human resources management (20, 331-69). New York: JAI Press.
14. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviours: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–63.
15. Quinn, R., & Spreitzer, G. (1997). The road to empowerment: Seven questions every leader should answer. Organizational Dynamics, 26(2), 37-50.
16. Slade, M. R. (2008). The adaptive nature of organizational silence: A cybernetic exploration of the hidden factory. USA: George Washington University.
17. Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(5), 441 –58.
18. Van Dyne, L., Soon A., & Isabel, C. B. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-92.
19. Zarei Matin, H., Taheri, F., & Sayyar, A. (2011).  Organizational silence, concepts, causes and consequences. Journal of Management Sciences in Iran, 6(21), 77-104. (Persian).