Sport Management

The aim of this study is to model the buying behavior of customers in sports stores during the outbreak of coronavirus (Antecedents and the consequences). Current study In terms of purpose is Practical, In terms of the method of collection the data were descriptive-survey. In the first part (qualitative) to conduct the field interview, the statistical population of the study, prominent professors in the field of sports management specialized in sports marketing and prominent owners of sports businesses were these people, in two primary and secondary phases, respectively, purposefully and Snowballs were selected for qualitative interviews on the research topic. In the second part (quantitative), after collecting the information obtained from qualitative research, the questionnaire was constructed and this questionnaire (44 items in the form of two general components of the Proceedings and Post-futures of customer buying behavior of sports stores at the time of virus Corona outbreak) was distributed among customers of online sports stores (384 people). The results showed that the components affecting purchasing behavior (outcomes) are: interest in sports, marketing mix factors, demographic factors, psychological factors, social networks, environmental factors, Academic factors, personality traits, and situational factors. Also, positive outcomes have a higher priority than negative outcomes.

The aim of this study was to develop a paradigm of improving the culture of sports at home during the outbreak of the coronavirus. The research method was qualitative. In this study, using targeted sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, 14 people were selected to identify the model of development of sports culture improvement at home at the time of the outbreak of coronavirus and interviews were conducted with them. Developing a culture of home improvement during the outbreak of coronavirus, semi-structured interviews) with focus groups (and study of documents. Linoleum and Guba evaluation methods were used to ensure the validity and reliability of the study. The paradigmatic model of this research is based on the paradigm model). Strauss and Corbin were designed in this model, causal conditions, individual factors, the attractiveness of the sport Awareness and awareness-raising processes are shown to improve the culture of exercise at home during the outbreak of coronavirus. Also contextual conditions, competitive factors, motivation for physical fitness, and excitement and feeling to have an approach to improving the culture of exercise at home during the outbreak of coronavirus. However, these conditions must be taken into account in order to be more successful in the implementation of this process.

The aim of this study is to investigate and implement the factors affecting the synchronization of Iran's sports industry with the prevalence of Covid -19 virus. The present research method was mixed and implemented qualitatively-quantitatively. In order to investigate the research, the opinions of some managers of the present research samples included some managers of sports production workshops, managers of sports businesses, as well as some university experts who were aware of the research topic. The data collection tool was an interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity and reliability of this tool were examined and confirmed according to the common methods. In order to analyze the research data, coding methods in the qualitative part and structural equation method in the quantitative part were used. All the data analysis process of the present study was performed in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the present study showed that in order to synchronize the Iranian sports industry with the prevalence of Covid -19 virus, it is important to pay attention to technical, managerial, supportive and sales factors. The results showed that technical factors are the most important factor in synchronizing the Iranian sports industry with the prevalence of Covid -19 virus.

The purpose of study was designing ethical management pattern in deputy of physical education and health of Iran's ministry of education. It was done in the form of qualitative method and it is of type of Grounded Theory. Data were gathered through 20 interview and studying prerequisites. Statistical population includes managers and assistants of field of PE and heath Iran's ministry of education. Regarding use grounded theory method, sampling was done on the basis of Grounded Theory method in the form of theoretical and after 20 interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis was done through three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In open coding 58 subcategories were identified that axial and selective coding they were classified in 18 main categories and finally 6 central categories including causal conditions, inferring conditions, contextual conditions, reduced strategies, and consequences. According to research results in causal conditions indices like (Interpersonal features, professional empowerment, ethical characteristics within the organization), in contextual conditions indices like (legal system, foresight), in section of strategies indices like (organizational justice, monitoring and Evaluation system, the driving forces, management changing), in inferring conditions indices like (Individual and organization anti-ethical behaviors, occupational and behavioral barriers) and in section of consequences indices like (governmental and non-govermental factors) were extracted. Therefore, in developing the charter of ethics, organizational managers should involve all stakeholders related to the organizational in this vital issue.

Setting up of small and medium-sized sports businesses by focusing on creating innovation and social media capabilities in marketing processes has enabled many efficient businesses in the sports industry. Therefore, Purpose of research was sustained Model of Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Virtual Small and Medium-sized Sports Businesses based on UTAUT model: Role of Management Innovation. The present study is a mixed-type study. The statistical population in the qualitative phase consisted of active entrepreneurs, sports business startups and manager-owners (n = 17) and in the quantitative phases, the line managers and staff of active economic business were selected snowball and purposely method from three service, manufacturing and training areas. The research tool was a modified version of the Shockry competitive advantage questionnaire (2016), the Seo Yan creative small business questionnaire (2016), and the Sports Entrepreneurship Researcher-made questionnaire. After confirmation of internal reliability by expertise, good fit index of the model based on Fornell and Larker triple indices verified. Finally data were analyzed using Partial least Squares technique ) Smart PLS-2(.The results of factor analysis of data and dual indices of Z test indicated a significant effect of the four dimensions of virtual competitive advantage on sport entrepreneurship. Multiple regression test results also confirmed the mediating role of creative management on the development of sports businesses. Therefore, managers - owners of active sports business can create spaces conducive to sustainable entrepreneurship by providing infrastructure related to deploying cyberspace technology and applying it in marketing processes along with managers' entrepreneurial mindset.

The purpose of this study is presentation of Iranian women's sport entrepreneurship development model. This research is based on the interpretive-constructive paradigm and in terms of the nature is an exploratory-fundamental research that has been done using qualitative approach and grounded theory. Target population of this study consists of academic experts, scholars in the fields of entrepreneurship (especially women entrepreneurship and sports entrepreneurship), economics, sport management as well as managers and owners of sports businesses as well as women entrepreneurs in different fields that 21 of them were selected as the sample members using purposive sampling method. In this research, two methods of library (browse books, articles, dissertations, official documents and reports, etc.) And field methods (interviews with sample members) have been used for data collection. Finally, data analysis has been done based on grounded theory, in three steps including open coding, axial coding and selective coding or theorizing, using ATLAS.ti software. Research findings lead to identifying causal conditions (including personality traits, entrepreneurial traits, motivational factors, managerial skills, personal skills, communication skills, financial abilities, technological abilities, marketing abilities, athletic abilities, perceptual skills, technical and specialized skills, facilities and capacities, supporting factors, experience, and family characteristics), contextual factors (including infrastructures and contexts, legal factors, economic factors, environmental factors, supportive factors, normative factors, personal context, cultural-social factors, and institutional factors), intervening factors (including gender, family conditions, individual circumstances, and environmental conditions), strategies (including financial-economic measures, incentives measures, policy-making, legal-policy measures, education and research, technology development, communication development and support), and the implications for the development of women's entrepreneurship in Iran (including economic consequences, social consequences, and consequences of sport and health).

The purpose of the study was to evaluate Consistency of national policy and legislation with the sport organizations and mass media performance in women's sports development in Iran. And for this purpose, the qualitative research method was used based on thematic analysis using documentary and content analysis methods. for the Documentary Research, national policies and legislation statements including Islamic Republic of Iran’s 20-Year Vision Plan  and the Five-Year Development Plans Set, the Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE) in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Comprehensive Scientific Health map, the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, duties and goals of sport organizations in women's sports departments, as well as Media interviews with top officials of sport organizations were reviewed and analyzed in full. The findings showed that there is not any consistency between the national policies and legislation contents with the duties, goals and performance of the sports organizations. The national policies and legislation focus on women's sports as a tool for health and leisure enrichment. But in the goals, duties and performance of sports organizations, championship and professional sports for women was emphasized more than other components of sports. According to the officials, the role of media in women's sports development is based on marketing and promotion, cultural development, and displaying events. The officials at sports organizations consider championship sports as a necessity in the development of women's sports in Iran. Therefore, revising National policy and legislation is essential to develop a holistic approach to women's sport development.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, opportunistic culture and the outsourcing of human resources with competitive advantage while investigating the moderator effect of human capital. The purpose of this study is descriptive and survey method. The statistical population in this study was 115 employees of Cross Sports Company who were selected by convenience sampling method. To analyze the data, partial least squares and Smart PLS-2 software were used. To assess the validity of the convergent validity, for the fitting reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used and its coefficient for all research structures was more than 0.7. The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on human resource outsourcing. Opportunistic culture also has a positive and significant effect on human resource outsourcing. The results of the research confirmed the positive and significant effect of outsourcing human resources on competitive advantage. HR outsourcing does not mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage, but mediates the relationship between opportunistic culture and competitive advantage. Nevertheless, human capital moderates the link between outsourcing of human resources and competitive advantage.

Today, superstition has been criticized by researchers as one of the social deviations, and sport has not been immune from the propagation of superstition as an important social phenomenon with an unpredictable nature. Since superstition is one of the most common problems in modern sport, the purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of tendency toward superstitions in Iranian sport. The exploratory approach was conducted qualitatively and grounded theory method was used. Firstly, by identifying the effective factors in the library of the Preliminary List, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 knowledgeable experts. For data analysis, logic inductive method was used during three open, axial and selective coding stages. After interviewing the experts, the results in open coding indicate that 83 codes were identified in superstitions in Iranian sports. Then at the axial coding stage, the tags were categorized in 22 concepts. Finally, 3 identified components derived from selective coding including structural, contextual, and behavioral categories were classified. It seems that there is no definite strategy for communicating with superstitions in sport, and in addition to training at all three levels of macro, middle, and wisdom, there is a need for social mechanisms, the creation of desirability and the use of non-homogeneous symbols and ultimately self-development Athlete's mental and emotional aspects.

The purpose of this study was to study of obstacles to the formation of reverse logistics in sporting events. The current research was of a kind. The statistical population of the study included experts in the field of sports management in the qualitative part of the study. The experience and awareness of the research topic were determined. The statistical community in the quantitative research section included some of the country's sports events managers, sport sports federation directors in the sporting events, as well as some well-known academic professors in the subject. The research instrument consisted of semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire designed according to the objectives and methodology of the research. The whole process of analyzing the data was done in SPSS, PLS and Maxqda software. The results of this study showed that barriers to knowledge, management, coordination, technology and law were identified as barriers to the formation of reverse logistics in sporting events. Finally, using the structural modeling method of the conceptual model of the research was drawn. According to the present study, it was found that among the identified barriers, legal and managerial barriers, due to their high importance, play a key role in the formation of other barriers.

The objective of this research is to specify the components of Human Resources Management Model in Ministry of Sport & Youth based on content analysis approach. The statistical community of this research includes senior and middle managers of Ministry of Sport & Youth, who were elected using targeted and snowball sampling, and considering theoretical saturation, totally 14 persons were appointed as participants; data were gathered with the method of semi-structured interview, then coding was applied in the next stage to analyze data. In order to have coding interview, N-Vivo 10 software was used. Regarding its qualitative essence, assessment of this research was done with the criteria of credit, transfer, confidence, certification and originality. Finally, the achievements were categorized in 77 micro-categories, 26 sub-categories and 13 main categories, which were made based on coding, and the obtained results of main categories include contribution management, efficiency, innovation and renovation, communications, relation sovereignty, legally and politically, planning, evaluation, development, appreciating results, training, system maturity, competitiveness.