Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 Developing strategies of "Sport for All" in Iran Universities Developing strategies of "Sport for All" in Iran Universities 15 38 203 FA Rahimeh Mehdizadeh Reza Andam 0000-0002-4049-9737 Journal Article 2013 04 18 Recognizing factors affecting the development of sport for all such as motivations and barriers of sport participation will help planners to remove barriers by the proper measures. So, the purpose of present research was to investigate physical activity barriers among Iranian academic society (faculties, staff and students) to provide sport for all development strategies in the Iranian universities. This field research was Descriptive–analytical and its statistical population was all of Iranian national universities’ faculties, staff and students. Finally, 779 people (233 faculties, 224 staff and 322 students) participated in the research and completed physical activity barriers’ questionnaire. The questionnaire was five-point likert-type scale that consist of 66 items and its face and content validity verified by the experts and its reliability was calculated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.956). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a Varimax rotation was used to identify factors and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm factors and presenting model. In EFA, of the 66 barriers, 58 items having appropriate factor loading were stand in six factors namely organizational and managerial, environmental, psychological, interpersonal, Lack of social support and time limitations. CFA results showed that "Lack of social support" and "organizational and managerial" also factors had most effect in explanation of the barriers of sport participation (0.83, 0.79). Paying attention to barriers identified in the present research and trying to remove them can cause to mass participation of the academic society in universities’ physical activity and sport for all programs. In addition, in this research, based on identified barriers, some strategies were presented in order to development of sport for all in universities. Recognizing factors affecting the development of sport for all such as motivations and barriers of sport participation will help planners to remove barriers by the proper measures. So, the purpose of present research was to investigate physical activity barriers among Iranian academic society (faculties, staff and students) to provide sport for all development strategies in the Iranian universities. This field research was Descriptive–analytical and its statistical population was all of Iranian national universities’ faculties, staff and students. Finally, 779 people (233 faculties, 224 staff and 322 students) participated in the research and completed physical activity barriers’ questionnaire. The questionnaire was five-point likert-type scale that consist of 66 items and its face and content validity verified by the experts and its reliability was calculated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.956). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a Varimax rotation was used to identify factors and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm factors and presenting model. In EFA, of the 66 barriers, 58 items having appropriate factor loading were stand in six factors namely organizational and managerial, environmental, psychological, interpersonal, Lack of social support and time limitations. CFA results showed that "Lack of social support" and "organizational and managerial" also factors had most effect in explanation of the barriers of sport participation (0.83, 0.79). Paying attention to barriers identified in the present research and trying to remove them can cause to mass participation of the academic society in universities’ physical activity and sport for all programs. In addition, in this research, based on identified barriers, some strategies were presented in order to development of sport for all in universities.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_203_e2c0be24560d78c5e599c2a9c9d0bbd2.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 Sport managers’ challenges in Iran Sport managers’ challenges in Iran 39 62 206 FA Seyed Nasrelah Sajjadi Mohsen Behnam Zahra Hashemi Journal Article 2013 06 19 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the challenges before Iranian sports managers. The descriptive research method was applied in this study and all chairpersons, Deputies of the Sport Ministry, Presidents of the Sports Federations, Secretary Generals of the National Olympic Committee, etc., constituted the statistical population of the research. The data is collected via a 49-items researcher-prepared questionnaire, previously approved by the elites of the field. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach's Test was 0.90. Descriptive statistical tests, One-sample T-Test and Friedman test were used for analyzing the data. The results of one-sample T-Test indicated that financial resources and budget, physical resources, information and communication technology sources, international organizations, sports teams' participation in the global events and also the future of the sports organization at the international level are considered as the main challenges faced by Iranian sports managers. After identifying the challenges, the results of Friedman test showed that financial resources and budget, managers' struggles over the future of their organizations at the international level and the physical resources, are respectively the main challenges ahead of the sports managers in Iran. In order to handle and manage the upcoming sports events, having a vision and strategy plan developed by specialists, elites and sports managers, is a necessity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the challenges before Iranian sports managers. The descriptive research method was applied in this study and all chairpersons, Deputies of the Sport Ministry, Presidents of the Sports Federations, Secretary Generals of the National Olympic Committee, etc., constituted the statistical population of the research. The data is collected via a 49-items researcher-prepared questionnaire, previously approved by the elites of the field. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach's Test was 0.90. Descriptive statistical tests, One-sample T-Test and Friedman test were used for analyzing the data. The results of one-sample T-Test indicated that financial resources and budget, physical resources, information and communication technology sources, international organizations, sports teams' participation in the global events and also the future of the sports organization at the international level are considered as the main challenges faced by Iranian sports managers. After identifying the challenges, the results of Friedman test showed that financial resources and budget, managers' struggles over the future of their organizations at the international level and the physical resources, are respectively the main challenges ahead of the sports managers in Iran. In order to handle and manage the upcoming sports events, having a vision and strategy plan developed by specialists, elites and sports managers, is a necessity.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_206_7eabe3a1649ffa2b3ff8c02ebfd5659f.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 Introducing Questionnaire of Effectiveness in Sporting Federations According to Competing Value Framework Introducing Questionnaire of Effectiveness in Sporting Federations According to Competing Value Framework 63 84 210 FA Hossein Eydi 0000-0002-6039-7826 Rahim Ramzaninezgad Bahram Yosefi Esmael Malekakhlagh4 Journal Article 2011 04 05 Organizational effectiveness is core in most of organizational analysis and dependent variable in most organizational research. In recent years, this construct attract more attention in sport management research. The purpose of this study was to introducing Competing Value Framework and related questionnaire as a good model and instrument for evaluation organizational effectiveness in sport. Population of study consists of all sporting federations in Iran and sample was stakeholders (board of directors, professional employees, national referees, athletes and coaches) of six selected federations of basketball, volleyball, handball, wrestling, weightlifting and tekvandow that selected according to a goal oriented and non-random method. All of the stakeholders select as a population (N=362) but only 258 Self-management OE questionnaire in sporting individuals participated in research (720/0 of sample). Federations according to survey of literature, semi-structured interview with board of directors (vice president, secretary and president of special committee) and exploratory factor analysis conducted and then 10 sport management scholars confirmed content validity. 62 questions in a four quadrant of human relations mod el, Internal process, rational-goal model, open systems model and eight sub factors of Flexibility(5qustion), Resources(10qustion), Planning(7qustion), Productivity(11qustion), organizational interaction (7qustion), Stability(7qustion), worked force cohesion(8qustion) and worked force expert (7qustion)was recognized. Also internal validity of questionnaire with use of Cronbakh alpha was (r= 0/084). Result of research showed that CVF as a theoretical framework is a good model for measuring organizational effectiveness in sporting federations and sporting organizations. Suggest that sport management scholars use this questionnaire for measurement of sporting organization effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness is core in most of organizational analysis and dependent variable in most organizational research. In recent years, this construct attract more attention in sport management research. The purpose of this study was to introducing Competing Value Framework and related questionnaire as a good model and instrument for evaluation organizational effectiveness in sport. Population of study consists of all sporting federations in Iran and sample was stakeholders (board of directors, professional employees, national referees, athletes and coaches) of six selected federations of basketball, volleyball, handball, wrestling, weightlifting and tekvandow that selected according to a goal oriented and non-random method. All of the stakeholders select as a population (N=362) but only 258 Self-management OE questionnaire in sporting individuals participated in research (720/0 of sample). Federations according to survey of literature, semi-structured interview with board of directors (vice president, secretary and president of special committee) and exploratory factor analysis conducted and then 10 sport management scholars confirmed content validity. 62 questions in a four quadrant of human relations mod el, Internal process, rational-goal model, open systems model and eight sub factors of Flexibility(5qustion), Resources(10qustion), Planning(7qustion), Productivity(11qustion), organizational interaction (7qustion), Stability(7qustion), worked force cohesion(8qustion) and worked force expert (7qustion)was recognized. Also internal validity of questionnaire with use of Cronbakh alpha was (r= 0/084). Result of research showed that CVF as a theoretical framework is a good model for measuring organizational effectiveness in sporting federations and sporting organizations. Suggest that sport management scholars use this questionnaire for measurement of sporting organization effectiveness.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_210_6f3ef77ac0e3619e98159e9b6febf557.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 A Factor Analysis of Marketing Barriers to Fans` Attraction and Development in Iranian Football Pro League`s Clubs A Factor Analysis of Marketing Barriers to Fans` Attraction and Development in Iranian Football Pro League`s Clubs 85 104 211 FA Vahid Saatchian Alireza Elahi Journal Article 2011 08 01 The purpose of this study was the Factor Analysis of marketing barriers of attraction and development of fans in Iran`s football pro league clubs. The method that applied in this research was descriptive with survey approach. So, According to the nature of study, the population was total of executive managers of football clubs in Iran football pro league (90), the experts of football federation (150) and some professors of sport management in physical education university (120). According to Morgan sampling table, the sampling of this study were 63 of executive managers, the experts of football (98 people) and 60 sport management professors. Based on a review of the literature of other studies, questionnaire was developed with revise of 15 academic Professors and football expert for reliability confirmation. Also for determining the construct validity of Questionnaire, statistical method of “Exploratory factor analysis” was used in order to Measure the Adequacy of the Sampling, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criterion was used. In order to determine the correlation between variables, the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was used. KMO of this study was 0/718 on a 0.001 level of significance for Bartlett's Test. Also The reliability of it has been computed with Cronbachs Alpha coefficient method (0/83). After extraction of explanatory factors, seven factors (Public relation management, Place, pricing, distributed channel, ultra organization powers, Product and management of process and quality) with computing 49.56% variance became evident. According to mean rank of Friedman test, priorities of marketing barriers were Product (4.16), Place (4.09), Powers of market (4.01), Pricing (3.84), Public relation (3.72), Process (3.68) and Distributed channel (3.26). in addition according to result, itproposed that, sport marketing managers in different level of Iran football with attention to identifying factors and priorities of them, have effective planning in attraction and development of fans in Iran`s football industry. The purpose of this study was the Factor Analysis of marketing barriers of attraction and development of fans in Iran`s football pro league clubs. The method that applied in this research was descriptive with survey approach. So, According to the nature of study, the population was total of executive managers of football clubs in Iran football pro league (90), the experts of football federation (150) and some professors of sport management in physical education university (120). According to Morgan sampling table, the sampling of this study were 63 of executive managers, the experts of football (98 people) and 60 sport management professors. Based on a review of the literature of other studies, questionnaire was developed with revise of 15 academic Professors and football expert for reliability confirmation. Also for determining the construct validity of Questionnaire, statistical method of “Exploratory factor analysis” was used in order to Measure the Adequacy of the Sampling, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criterion was used. In order to determine the correlation between variables, the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was used. KMO of this study was 0/718 on a 0.001 level of significance for Bartlett's Test. Also The reliability of it has been computed with Cronbachs Alpha coefficient method (0/83). After extraction of explanatory factors, seven factors (Public relation management, Place, pricing, distributed channel, ultra organization powers, Product and management of process and quality) with computing 49.56% variance became evident. According to mean rank of Friedman test, priorities of marketing barriers were Product (4.16), Place (4.09), Powers of market (4.01), Pricing (3.84), Public relation (3.72), Process (3.68) and Distributed channel (3.26). in addition according to result, itproposed that, sport marketing managers in different level of Iran football with attention to identifying factors and priorities of them, have effective planning in attraction and development of fans in Iran`s football industry.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_211_eb163727917cbba1eea208541a643e74.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 Performance Evaluating of Iranian Football Primer League by Mrging DEA with AHP Performance Evaluating of Iranian Football Primer League by Mrging DEA with AHP 105 126 212 FA Jahangir Soleimani-damaneh Mehrzad Hamidi 0000-0002-0425-8936 Naselah Sajjadi Journal Article 2011 08 03 The purpose of this study was to evaluate Performance of Iranian football primer league. We use Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique for aggregating the sub-factors which involve in input-output factors, and then DEA is used for calculating the efficiency measures. Also, AHP is used to construct some weight restrictions for increasing the discrimination power of the used DEA model. For calculating the efficiency measures, DEA-CCR model is utilized. Our findings reveal that the average of FESs of the teams is 0.704. The results showed that Shahin, Abumoslem, and Steelazin possessed the efficiency score of 1 and Esteqlal AHV had the lowest score with efficiency score of 0.51. The results also showed that the performance rating and rank the teams racing in the table there is no match. Turning to the overall study results, the most important factor to be inefficient of the Iranian Premier League teams is high wages and low income, as can be. Team managers in this area suggest is reducing costs and increasing revenues are seeking higher performance scores. Private clubs also making as a mechanism to increase overall performance in the Premier League football is recommended. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Performance of Iranian football primer league. We use Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique for aggregating the sub-factors which involve in input-output factors, and then DEA is used for calculating the efficiency measures. Also, AHP is used to construct some weight restrictions for increasing the discrimination power of the used DEA model. For calculating the efficiency measures, DEA-CCR model is utilized. Our findings reveal that the average of FESs of the teams is 0.704. The results showed that Shahin, Abumoslem, and Steelazin possessed the efficiency score of 1 and Esteqlal AHV had the lowest score with efficiency score of 0.51. The results also showed that the performance rating and rank the teams racing in the table there is no match. Turning to the overall study results, the most important factor to be inefficient of the Iranian Premier League teams is high wages and low income, as can be. Team managers in this area suggest is reducing costs and increasing revenues are seeking higher performance scores. Private clubs also making as a mechanism to increase overall performance in the Premier League football is recommended.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_212_1534b76d325a8f591b52d302e7181331.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 Relationship of Sport Coaches Power Bases In individual and team Sports Athletes Satisfaction Relationship of Sport Coaches Power Bases In individual and team Sports Athletes Satisfaction 127 154 213 FA Zhaleh Memari 0000-0002-2695-1694 Abolfazl Farahani2 0000-0002-0417-5858 Iraj Sanaati Journal Article 2011 10 01 The purpose of this study was determined the relationship of coaches power bases to individual athletes and team satisfaction. The research tools and questionnaires were were Vaytsid(2000) and Chladvrai(1998) which their validity was confirmed by the experts and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively α=0/728 and α= 0/772 were found (p <0.05). Statistical Community, including athletes and coaches individual and team disciplines active in Azerbaijan province were. Samples included 1,456 athletes, volleyball and handball, wrestling and taekwondo athletes in 1694, and 62 were coached random method, were selected. For analysis of the data, we used Kolmogrof-Smirnof, Spearman, U Man Withny and Z Fisher tests (P<0/05). Results showed variable reward and authority had a significant relationship with satisfaction (P <0.05). Also standard regression coefficient showed the reward and authority variables had rate with the first priority, and the authority and law were the next priorities (P<0/05). In individual sports, none of the independent and dependent variables were significant relationship (P> 0.05). It can be concluded that the relation of satisfaction with authority was noticeable but non- meaningful, also had the first priority. In team sports only reward variable showed a significant relationship with satisfaction variable, also satisfaction was the first priority in this group. The purpose of this study was determined the relationship of coaches power bases to individual athletes and team satisfaction. The research tools and questionnaires were were Vaytsid(2000) and Chladvrai(1998) which their validity was confirmed by the experts and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively α=0/728 and α= 0/772 were found (p <0.05). Statistical Community, including athletes and coaches individual and team disciplines active in Azerbaijan province were. Samples included 1,456 athletes, volleyball and handball, wrestling and taekwondo athletes in 1694, and 62 were coached random method, were selected. For analysis of the data, we used Kolmogrof-Smirnof, Spearman, U Man Withny and Z Fisher tests (P<0/05). Results showed variable reward and authority had a significant relationship with satisfaction (P <0.05). Also standard regression coefficient showed the reward and authority variables had rate with the first priority, and the authority and law were the next priorities (P<0/05). In individual sports, none of the independent and dependent variables were significant relationship (P> 0.05). It can be concluded that the relation of satisfaction with authority was noticeable but non- meaningful, also had the first priority. In team sports only reward variable showed a significant relationship with satisfaction variable, also satisfaction was the first priority in this group.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_213_979d472a84804b9f647bc185a877a8b5.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 Analysis of Sport Management Articles Published in Journal of Research on Sport Science Analysis of Sport Management Articles Published in Journal of Research on Sport Science 155 172 214 FA Bahman Asgari Alireza Elahi Hossein Pursoltani Zarandi Journal Article 2011 10 08 The purpose of this study was content analysis of sport management articles published in journal of research on sport sciences. Statistical population of present study was include of all articles published in JRSS in sport management field from winter 2002 until spring 2012. Regard to low volume of statistical population, the statistical sample considered equal to statistical society (N=n=155). Used instrument in this research was include of a checklist that their validity measured by 6 people sport management faculties and expert in field of content analysis. by scott test, agreement coefficient between coder measured uper ℅90. For data analysis used from descriptive and inferential statistical (scott test). Results showed Survey method (℅46.1) more used in comparison with another method. In this research, ℅92.9 articles done by multiple- author and ℅38.1 done by three - author. Also, ℅67.1 sport management articles wrote by sport management author and their remainder wrote by authors in another field. Also, The finding showed more present of authors (℅46) were assistant professor and ℅39/4 articles were in field of organizational behavior and management psychology. Moreover, articles done on statistical population of college students were more than articles done on another statistical population and educational section that is include of training and education department and universities, has been more articles. Result of this study can appropriate guideline being for planning in scientific- specialty journals of sport science research center and another scientific centers. The purpose of this study was content analysis of sport management articles published in journal of research on sport sciences. Statistical population of present study was include of all articles published in JRSS in sport management field from winter 2002 until spring 2012. Regard to low volume of statistical population, the statistical sample considered equal to statistical society (N=n=155). Used instrument in this research was include of a checklist that their validity measured by 6 people sport management faculties and expert in field of content analysis. by scott test, agreement coefficient between coder measured uper ℅90. For data analysis used from descriptive and inferential statistical (scott test). Results showed Survey method (℅46.1) more used in comparison with another method. In this research, ℅92.9 articles done by multiple- author and ℅38.1 done by three - author. Also, ℅67.1 sport management articles wrote by sport management author and their remainder wrote by authors in another field. Also, The finding showed more present of authors (℅46) were assistant professor and ℅39/4 articles were in field of organizational behavior and management psychology. Moreover, articles done on statistical population of college students were more than articles done on another statistical population and educational section that is include of training and education department and universities, has been more articles. Result of this study can appropriate guideline being for planning in scientific- specialty journals of sport science research center and another scientific centers.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_214_ca46c1b9512a7a8315fa3c5a946e8265.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2015 02 14 Developing, Validating and Reliabilization of an Instrument for assessing Factors Affecting Sport Spectators Involvement of Iran`s Football, Volleyball and Basketball Professional Leagues Developing, Validating and Reliabilization of an Instrument for assessing Factors Affecting Sport Spectators Involvement of Iran`s Football, Volleyball and Basketball Professional Leagues 173 188 215 FA Hossein Alimohammadi Ferydon Tondnevis2 Seyed Farideh Hadavi Journal Article 2012 01 03 The purpose of this study was design of reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing the factors affecting spectator sport of Iranians football, basketball and volleyball professional leagues. The statistical sample of this study was 10, 30 and 500 spectators from each league that randomly selected from attendant spectators in stadiums. Face, apparent, construct, and criterion (concurrent) validity, internal reliability and consistent coefficient of research questionnaire surveyed in designing instrument stage. For statistical analysis of data used descriptive and inferential statistics methods includes Pearson correlation coefficient for determining consistency coefficient and criterion validity of questionnaire, Cronbaches ` alpha, KMO and Bartlet, explorative factor analysis, by SPSS and Amos soft wares. Result showed consistency coefficient of pilot edition` s research questionnaire was .56 and its internal consistency was .84. Explorative factor analysis showed 8 factors that affecting on spectators attendance and these factors indicated .57% of variance. These factors were facility, information- attractiveness, performance- antiquity, timing- informing, interaction- escape and excitement. Internal consistency of final edition research questionnaire was .89. The purpose of this study was design of reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing the factors affecting spectator sport of Iranians football, basketball and volleyball professional leagues. The statistical sample of this study was 10, 30 and 500 spectators from each league that randomly selected from attendant spectators in stadiums. Face, apparent, construct, and criterion (concurrent) validity, internal reliability and consistent coefficient of research questionnaire surveyed in designing instrument stage. For statistical analysis of data used descriptive and inferential statistics methods includes Pearson correlation coefficient for determining consistency coefficient and criterion validity of questionnaire, Cronbaches ` alpha, KMO and Bartlet, explorative factor analysis, by SPSS and Amos soft wares. Result showed consistency coefficient of pilot edition` s research questionnaire was .56 and its internal consistency was .84. Explorative factor analysis showed 8 factors that affecting on spectators attendance and these factors indicated .57% of variance. These factors were facility, information- attractiveness, performance- antiquity, timing- informing, interaction- escape and excitement. Internal consistency of final edition research questionnaire was .89.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_215_3b8a614226a953a8cd9526fca6fe9ba5.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2014 03 21 Identifying a conceptual model for starting-up small and medium sized sport enterprises Identifying a conceptual model for starting-up small and medium sized sport enterprises 189 208 216 FA Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh Mohammad Ehsani 0000-0002-6014-0828 Asad Allah Kordnaeij Hashem Kozechian Journal Article 2012 04 29 Nowadays, the new enterprises are recognized as the main source of job creation, innovation and development. Therefore, identifying the factors playing key roles in the start-up of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is critical. The purpose of this study was to propose a conceptual model for sport SMEs start-up. The methodology was qualitative using Document Content Analysis and Semi-structured interview methods. From the participants of this study, 18 scholars involved in SMEs were selected through purposive sampling. After a careful investigation of business start-up models in the literature, three approaches were recognized including: individual, environmental, and integration approach. the integrated approach was proposed as a comprehensive model to supplement other approaches. In this approach, beside environmental and individual factors, researchers can add other vital factors to enrich their models. Then, a model was proposed in line with integration approach. Interviews were done with experts in order to localize the proposed model and identify their opinions about it. The model composed of three important factors: 1. Individual; 2. Environmental; and 3. Financial factors. It should be mentioned that these factors were constituted of sub dimensions. I t is believed that, this model can display the most critical factors influencing sport business start-up. Nowadays, the new enterprises are recognized as the main source of job creation, innovation and development. Therefore, identifying the factors playing key roles in the start-up of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is critical. The purpose of this study was to propose a conceptual model for sport SMEs start-up. The methodology was qualitative using Document Content Analysis and Semi-structured interview methods. From the participants of this study, 18 scholars involved in SMEs were selected through purposive sampling. After a careful investigation of business start-up models in the literature, three approaches were recognized including: individual, environmental, and integration approach. the integrated approach was proposed as a comprehensive model to supplement other approaches. In this approach, beside environmental and individual factors, researchers can add other vital factors to enrich their models. Then, a model was proposed in line with integration approach. Interviews were done with experts in order to localize the proposed model and identify their opinions about it. The model composed of three important factors: 1. Individual; 2. Environmental; and 3. Financial factors. It should be mentioned that these factors were constituted of sub dimensions. I t is believed that, this model can display the most critical factors influencing sport business start-up.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_216_45fbc6d3e05ebd93369ce542e8f2322d.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2014 03 21 Place of sports in Malekosho-ara Bahar poems Place of sports in Malekosho-ara Bahar poems 209 228 217 FA Farshad. Rafiei Mohammad Bagher Forghani Ozrodi 0000-0003-1683-3106 Somayeh Rahimi Aliabadi Journal Article 2012 06 03 The aim of this research is to study the place of sports in Malekosho-ara Bahar poems. Regarding this, selected verses and poems in 8 areas consisting of "sports conceptualism from Malekosho-ara Bahar's perspective, importance and urgency of sports from Bahar's perspective, sports and childhood, sports in transition of past to present, sports and rationalism, sports and spirituality, sports and occupations, and finally sports and healthiness" have been scrutinized. The main reference for this research is Malekoshor-ara Bahar's full poetical works, based on the 1344 version which was published by Negah Publication in the year 1387 and other references pertinent to subjects. This research has been conducted using a descriptive method based on library perusal. Research findings showed that sports has been employed in different places of Malekosho-ara Bahar poems such as: homework and assignment, job and career, effort and endeavor, gain, abstinence, and farming. These findings also reveal that sports has a very special place in Bahar's perspective that not only was of high interest for Professor Bahar but also was being used by him to give humans advices to play sports. One can employ many of his viewpoints to expand the physical education culture and sports in our country. The aim of this research is to study the place of sports in Malekosho-ara Bahar poems. Regarding this, selected verses and poems in 8 areas consisting of "sports conceptualism from Malekosho-ara Bahar's perspective, importance and urgency of sports from Bahar's perspective, sports and childhood, sports in transition of past to present, sports and rationalism, sports and spirituality, sports and occupations, and finally sports and healthiness" have been scrutinized. The main reference for this research is Malekoshor-ara Bahar's full poetical works, based on the 1344 version which was published by Negah Publication in the year 1387 and other references pertinent to subjects. This research has been conducted using a descriptive method based on library perusal. Research findings showed that sports has been employed in different places of Malekosho-ara Bahar poems such as: homework and assignment, job and career, effort and endeavor, gain, abstinence, and farming. These findings also reveal that sports has a very special place in Bahar's perspective that not only was of high interest for Professor Bahar but also was being used by him to give humans advices to play sports. One can employ many of his viewpoints to expand the physical education culture and sports in our country.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_217_63dc7ed1010d3c3b8269faf0ba7491d4.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Sport Management Studies 2538-3213 6 22 2014 03 21 Determining the organizational culture of the Sports and the Youth Organization, West Azerbaijan, using Denison’s Theoretical Framework Determining the organizational culture of the Sports and the Youth Organization, West Azerbaijan, using Denison’s Theoretical Framework 229 242 218 FA Mir Hasan Seyedameri 0000-0001-5135-6726 Journal Article 2012 11 10 Scholars have been investigating the culture of various organizations in order to find out how individuals’ approach the organization. The present study was an attempt to determine various dimensions as well as the strengths and weaknesses of organizational culture and subculture in the Sports and the Youth Organization (SYO), West Azerbaijan. A total of 70 staff members of SYO in West Azerbaijan were selected purposefully. A background information questionnaire and the highly reliable (r= .82) Organization Culture Questionnaire (Denison, 2007) were applied for data collection purposes. The data, then, were analyzed based on Denison’s Theoretical Framework and descriptive statistics. Results indicated that the SYO enjoys a good condition from consistency and mission point of view. However, it needs further developmental plans in terms of adaptability and involvement. In addition, the obtained diagram of the organizational culture compared with that of Denison shows that there is a similarity between the two diagrams in terms of internal and external concentration; flexibility, nevertheless, remains static. Findings, furthermore, imply that staff behavior is affected by and adapted with the fundamental values of the organization. Scholars have been investigating the culture of various organizations in order to find out how individuals’ approach the organization. The present study was an attempt to determine various dimensions as well as the strengths and weaknesses of organizational culture and subculture in the Sports and the Youth Organization (SYO), West Azerbaijan. A total of 70 staff members of SYO in West Azerbaijan were selected purposefully. A background information questionnaire and the highly reliable (r= .82) Organization Culture Questionnaire (Denison, 2007) were applied for data collection purposes. The data, then, were analyzed based on Denison’s Theoretical Framework and descriptive statistics. Results indicated that the SYO enjoys a good condition from consistency and mission point of view. However, it needs further developmental plans in terms of adaptability and involvement. In addition, the obtained diagram of the organizational culture compared with that of Denison shows that there is a similarity between the two diagrams in terms of internal and external concentration; flexibility, nevertheless, remains static. Findings, furthermore, imply that staff behavior is affected by and adapted with the fundamental values of the organization.

https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_218_e96ed478dab8595a7dbda4cbcbee168f.pdf