نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه رازی

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه رازی‌

3 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف اعتباریابیو رواسازی نسخة فارسی شاخص توانایی انجام کار و ارتباط آن با شاخص‌های آمادگی جسمانی در میان کارکنان شهر کرمانشاه در نمونه‌ای به حجم 868 نفر (250 زن و 618 مرد) که به روش نمونه‌گیری چند‌مرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند، اجرا گردید. ابزار مورداستفاده در پژوهش، پرسش‌نامه و تست‌های جسمانی بود. رواییپرسش­نامه­ها به وسیله خبرگان، تحلیل عامل اکتشافی و تأییدی بررسی وپایایی از طریق آلفای کرونباختأیید شد. درنهایت، تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از ضریب هم‌بستگی و رگرسیون هم‌زمان صورت گرفت. تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی با چرخش واریماکس، دو عامل ادراک سلامتی مرتبط با توانایی انجام کار (86/41 درصد واریانس) و سلامت ـ بیماری مرتبط با توانایی انجام کار (47/19 درصد واریانس) را در ساختار شاخص آشکار می‌نماید.نتایج روایی هم‌گرا نیز نشان‌دهندۀ هم‌بستگی بالایی بین سؤالات عوامل توانایی انجام کار می‌باشد. شایان‌ذکر است که هم‌بستگی درون‌طبقه‌ای (81/0-72/0) در حد بالایی قرار دارد. علاوه‌براین، میانگین امتیاز شاخص توانایی انجام کار در میان کارکنان با غیبت کمتر (46/40 امتیاز)، بالاتر از میانگین امتیاز کارکنان با غیبت بالاتر (04/32) بوده و آلفای کرونباخ شاخص توانایی کار (74/0) در حد قابل‌قبولی می‌باشد. همچنین، شاخص‌های برازش تحلیل عاملی مرتبۀ دوم، وجود دو عامل را تأیید نموده و مدل دو‌عاملی، برازش بهتری نسبت به مدل تک‌عاملی دارد. تحلیل رگرسیون نیز حاکی از آن است که تست‌های آمادگی جسمانی، پیش‌بین‌های توانایی انجام کار در میان کارکنان می‌باشند. درمجموع، می‌توان گفت که نسخة فارسی توانایی انجام کار، ویژگی‌هایروان‌سنجی قابل‌قبولی در میان کارکنان دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version Work Ability Index and Its Relationship with Physical Fitness Indicators Among Employees in Kermanshah

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahram Yousefi 1
  • Behesht Ahmadi 2
  • Zohre Hassani 3

1 Associate Professor of Sport Management, Razi University

2 Ph. D Student of Sport Management, Razi University

3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Razi University

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of work ability index (WAI) and its relationship with the physical fitness indicators of employees in Kermanshah in a sample of 868 (250 females, 618 males) people recruited through multi-stage sampling method. The research instrument consisted of questionnaire and physical fitness tests. Validity of the questionnaire was statistically analyzed by experts, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Finally, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression model. The principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified two factors, i.e., subjective health-related work ability) 41.86% of the variance) and ill-health related work ability (19.47% of the variance) in the index construct. Results of convergent validity showed high correlation among questions of ability to work. Intraclass coefficient correlation was also high (0.72–0.81). Mean WAI index score was higher among employees with low absenteeism (40.46 points) than among those with high absenteeism (32.04 points). Reliability of the index was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.74). Goodness-of-fit indices of second-order factor analysis confirmed the tow extracted factors and two-factor model had a superior fit compared to the one-dimensional model. Finally, multiple linear regression showed physical fitness tests were predicting factors for the work ability among employees. In conclusion, Persian version of the work ability index showed satisfactory psychometric properties among employees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Content Validity
  • Convergent Validity
  • Divergent Validity
  • Factor Analysis
  • Work Ability
1. Airila, A., Hakanen, J., Punakallio, A., Lusa, S., & Luukkonen, R. (2012). Is work engagement related to workability beyond working conditions and lifestyle factors? Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 85(8): 915-25.
2. Alavinia, M., Duivenbooden, C., & Burdorf, A. (2007). Influence of work-related factors and individual characteristics on work ability among Dutch construction workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 33(5): 351–7.
3. Berg, T. I. J., Elders, L. A. M., de Zwart, B., & Burdorf, A. (2009). The effects of work-related and individual factors on the Work Ability Index: A systematic review. Occup Environ, 66(4): 211-20.
4. Brox, J. I., & Froystein, O. (2005). Health-related quality of life and sickness absence in community nursing home employees: Randomized controlled trial of physical exercise. Occup Med, 55(7): 558-63.
5. Bugajska, J., Makowiec-Dabrowska, T., Jegier, A., & Marszalek, A. (2005). Physical work capacity (VO2max) and work ability (WAI) of active employees (men and women) in Poland. Elsevier International Congress Series, 1280: 156-60.
6. DeZwart, B. C. H., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., & Duiven Booden, J. C. (2002). Test-retest reliability of the work ability index questionnaire. Occupational Med, 52(4):          177-81.
7. Fischer, F. M., Borges, F. N., Rotenberg, L., Latorre, M. R., Soares, N. S., Rosa, P. L., Teixeira, L, R., Nagai, R., Steluti, J & Landsbergi, P. (2006). Work ability of health care shift workers: What matters? Chronobiol Int, 23(6): 1165-79.
8. Freude, G., Seibt, R., Pech, E., & Peter, U. (2005). Assessment of work ability and vitality—a study of teachers of different age groups. Int Cong Ser, 1280: 270-4.
9. Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis (1st ed). Oxford University Press.Londen. 50-78.
10. Hopsu, L., Leppänen, A., Ranta, R., & Louhevaara, V. (2005). Perceived work ability andindividual characteristics as predictors for early exit from working life in professionalcleaners. Scand J Work Environ Health, 1280: 84-8.
11.Ilmarinen, J. (2006). The ageing workforce—challenges for occupational health (editorial). Occup Me, 56(6): 361–4.
12. Ilmarinen, J. (2009). Work ability-a comprehensive concept for occupational health research and prevention (editorial). Scand J Work Environ Healt, 35(1): 1–5.
13. Ilmarinen, J., & Tuomi, K. (2004). Past, present and future of work ability. People and work research reports. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki, 6 (5): 1-25.
14. Ilmarinen, J., Tuomi, K., & Klockars, M. (1997). Changes in the work ability of active employees over an 11-year period. Scand J Work Environ Health, 23(1): 49–57.
15. Kaleta, D., Makowiec-Dabrowska, T., & Jegier, A. (2004). Leisure-time physical activity, cardio- respiratory fitness and work ability: A study in randomly selected residents of Lodz. Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 17(4): 57-64.
16. Kujala, V., Tammelin, T., Remes, J., Vammavaara, E., Ek, E., & Laitinen, J. (2006). Work ability index of young employees and their sickness absence during the following year. Scand J Work Environ Health, 32(1): 75-84.
17. Laitinen, J. S., & Kujala, V. (2005). Body mass index and weight change from adolescenceinto adulthood, waist-to-hip ratio and perceived work ability among young adult. International Journal of Obesity, 29: 697–702.
18. Martinez, M. C., Latorre, M. R. D., & Fischer, F. M. (2009). Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the workability index questionnaire. Rev Saúde Pública, 43(3): 1-6.
19. Martinez, M. C., & Latorre, M. R. D. (2006). Health and work ability among office workers. Rev Saúde Pública, 40(5): 851-8.
20. Martus, P., Jakob, O., Rose, U., Seibt, R., & Freude, G. (2010). A comparative analysis of the Work Ability Index. Occupational Medicine, 60(7): 517–24.
21. Mohammadi, S., Ghaffari, M., Abdi, A., Bahadori, B., Mirza Mohammadi, E., & Attarchi M. (2015). Interaction of lifestyle and work ability index in blue collar workers. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(3): 90-7. (Persian).
22. Morassaei, S., & Smith, P. (2011). Examining the relationship between psychosocial working conditions, physical work demands, and leisure time physical activity in Canada. JOEM, 53(10): 1099-105.
23. Pohjonen, T. (2001). Age-related physical fitness and the predictive values of fitness tests for work ability in home care work. J Occup Environ Med, 43(8): 723-30.
24. Pohjonen, T., & Ranta, R. (2001). Effects of worksite physical exercise intervention on physical fitness, perceived health status, and work ability among home care workers: Five-year follow-up. Prev Med, 32(6): 465-75.
25. Radkiewicz, P., & Widerszal, B. M. (2005). Psychometric properties of work ability index in the light of comparative survey study. Int Congr Se, 1280: 304–9.
26. Safari, Sh., Akbari, J., Kazemi, M., Amin Mououdi, M., & Mahaki, B. (2013). Personnel’s health surveillance at work: Effect of age, body mass index, and shift work on mental workload and work ability index. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Article ID 289498; 1-6. (Persian).
27. Sjögren-Rönkä, T., Ojanen, M. T., Leskinen, E. K., Mustalampi, S. T., & Mälkiä, E. A. (2002). Physical and psychosocial prerequisites of functioning in relation to work ability and general subjective well-being among office workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 28(3): 184-90.
28. Smolander, J., Blair, S. N., & Kohl, H, W. (2000). Work ability, physical activity, and cardio respiratory fitness: 2-year results from project active. J. Occup. Environ, 24(9): 906–10.
29. Smolander, J., Sorensen, L., Pekkonen, M., & Alen, M. (2010). Muscle performance, work ability and physical functioning in middle-aged men. Occupational Medicine Doi, 60(1):78-80.
30. Sorensen, L. E., Honkalehto, S., Kallinen, M., Pekkonen, M., Louhevaara, V., Smolande, J., Alon, M. (2007). Are cardio-respiratory fitness and walking performance associated with self-reported quality of life and work ability? Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 20(3): 257-64.
31. Sorensen, L. E., Mika, M., Mannikko, K. H., Veikko, A., Smolander, V., & Markku, J. (2008). Associations between work ability, health-related quality of life, physical activity and fitness among middle-aged men. Applied Ergonomics, 39(6): 786–91.
32. Thompson, W., Gordon, N., & Pescatello, L. (2009). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing andprescription (10th ed). Baltimore (Maryland): Lippincot, Williams & Williams.62-98
33. Tuomi, K., Ilmarinen, J., & Seitsamo, J. (1997). Summary of the Finnish research project (1981-1992) to promote the health and work ability of aging workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 23(1): 66-71.